@article{
author = "Radosavljević, Milica and Milašinović Šeremešić, Marija and Terzić, Dušanka and Jovanović, Života and Nikolić, Valentina and Sečanski, Mile",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Pod kukuruzom belog zrna se smatra onaj tip kukuruza čiji endosperm ima jasnu belu boju, bez
primesa pigmenta žute boje. Značaj kukuruza belog zrna se vremenom menjao u raznim zemljama i
kulturama. Ako se ima u vidu globalna rasprostranjenost kukuruza belog i žutog zrna, zapaža se da
kukuruz žutog zrna ima u svetu apsolutno dominantnu ulogu. Korišćenje kukuruza belog endosperma
značajno se promenilo u poslednjih nekoliko decenija. Praktično prestala je njegova upotreba u ishrani
domaćih životinja, dok je istovremeno povećano njegovo korišćenje za dobijanje specijalnih proizvoda
za ljudsku ishranu i u mlinskoj preradi. Zbog toga su svojstva kvaliteta zrna postala jako važna i u
selekcionom procesu poklanja im se ista pažnja kao i samom prinosu zrna.
Cilj ovog rada bio je da se izvrši karakterizacija hibrida kukuruza belog zrna u pogledu morfološke
građe, različitih fizičkih svojstva i osnovnog hemijskog sastava zrna kao pokazatelja njihove upotrebne
vrednosti i kvaliteta. Pored toga, u radu su ispitivane i fizičke karakteristike klipa. Za ispitivanja je
odabrano je pet zemunpoljskih hibrida kukuruza (tri hibrida belog i dva hibrida žutog zrna FAO grupa
zrenja 500 i 600).
Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da se zrno ispitivanih hibrida kukuruza belog endosperma u proseku
sastoji od 6,11% perikarpa, 79,24% endosperma i 14,65% klice. Prosečne vednosti hektolitarske mase,
mase 1000 zrna, gustine, indeks flotacije, otpornoti na mlevenje i udela tvrde frakcije endosperma bile
su 273,16 g, 778,60 kg/m3
, 1,28 g/cm3
, 27,70%, 12,85 s i 56,26%, redom. U proseku zrno hibrida belog
endosperma sadrži 70,55% skroba, 9,38% proteina, 6,31% ulja, 2,31% sirove celuloze i 1,35% pepela.
U odnosu na hibride žutog zrna ispitivani hibridi belog zrna su u proseku imali veći udeo klica i tvrde
frakcije endosperma, viši sadržaj ulja i višu otpornost na melvenje, a manju masu 1000 zrna, indeks
flotacija, masu klipa i masu zrna na klipu., White maize is maize with the endosperm of clear white colour, without the addition of the yellow
pigment. The importance of white maize has changed over time in various countries and cultures. The
comparison of the global distribution of white and yellow maize shows that the latter one has an
absolutely dominant role in the world. The use of maize with the white endosperm has changed
significantly in the last few decades. Its use in livestock feeding has practically ceased, while at the
same time its use for obtaining special products for human consumption and in mill processing has
increased. Therefore, the grain quality traits have become very important and they are given the same
attention as the grain yield itself in the breeding and selection process.
The aim of this study was to characterize white maize with respect to the morphological structure,
different physical traits and basic chemical composition as a parameter of the use value and quality of
grain. In addition, physical traits of ears were observed. Five ZP maize hybrids (three with white and
two with yellow kernels of the FAO maturity groups 500 and 600) were selected for testing.
The obtained results showed that the grain of observed white maize hybrids consisted, on average, of
6.11% pericarp, 79.24% endosperm and 14.65% germ. The average values of test weight, 1000-kernel
weight, density, flotation index, milling response and the proportion of hard endosperm fractions
amounted to 273.16 g, 778.60 kg/m3
, 1.28 g/cm3
, 27.70%, 12.85 s and 56.26%, respectively. On
average, the grain of white hybrids contains 70.55% starch, 9.38% proteins, 6.31% oil, 2.31% crude
fibres and 1.35% ash. Compared to yellow hybrids, the observed white hybrids had on average a higher
proportion of germs and hard endosperm fraction, higher oil content and higher milling resistance,
while 1000-kernel weight, flotation index, ear weight and kernel weight on the ear were lower.",
publisher = "Novi Sad : Nacionalno društvo za procesnu tehniku i energetiku u poljoprivredi",
journal = "34. nacionalna konferencija sa međunarodnim učešćem - Procesna tehnika i energetika u poljoprivredi - PTEP 2022 Sokobanja, 3-8.4.2022. godine - Zbornik izvoda",
title = "Hibridi kukuruza belog zrna FAO grupa zrenja 500 i 600 - svojstva i sastav, White maize hybrids of the FAO maturity groups 500 and 600 – traits and composition",
pages = "82-83",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1298"
}
