TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolić, Milica
AU  - Savić, Iva
AU  - Nikolić, Ana
AU  - Stevanović, Milan
AU  - Kandić, Vesna
AU  - Stanković, Goran
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
PY  - 2024
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/1315
AB  - In recent years, countries in Southeast Europe are facing climate changes characterized by extreme hot weather, which contribute to the increased frequency of Aspergillus species. Because of these changes, Aspergillus  parasiticus  was  isolated,  for  the  first  time,  from  maize  grain  in  Serbia (Nikolic et al, 2018). The presence of black powdery mycelia on maize ears indicated occurrence of species of the genus Aspergillus section Nigri, which led to the need for detailed identification of these fungi. Disease incidence ranged from 10 and 15% in August 2013. Maize ears with black powdery symptoms were collected from field in Zemun Polje, Serbia. Symptomatic kernels were surface  sterilized  with  1%  sodium  hypochlorite  solution  for  3  min,  rinsed  three  times  with sterilized  water,  then  incubated  at  25°C  in  the  dark  for  7  days  on  potato  dextrose  agar  (PDA). Twenty  isolates  were  identified  as  genus Aspergillus section Nigri.  Monospore  cultures  formed black cottony colonies with a yellowish border on PDA. The average colony diameter was 50 mm. In  order  to  reliably  identify,  isolates  were  transferred  to  Malt  Extract  agar  (MEA)  and  Czapek Yeast Autolysate agar (CYA) (Samson et al, 2014). On CYA fungal colonies consisted of a white mycelium, covered by a layer of black conidiophores. On MEA fungal colonies were dense, black, with  yellowish  border.  The  reverse  side  was  colorless  to  pale  yellow,  with  a  yellow  ring  in  the middle. The average size of conidia was 4.3 μm. The conidia were globose to sub-globose, smooth to  roughened,  which  coincides  with  previous  research  (Silva  et  al,  2020).  Given  that  the  fungi Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus welwitschiae are morphologically indistinguishable (Susca et al, 2016), species level identification was completed by analysis of a partial sequence of the internal Page 1 of 5transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1/ITS4 primers) and calmodulin gene (CMD5/CMD6 primers) (Samson et al., 2014).  The sequences were compared with the sequences of A. welwitschiae strains registered in the GenBank database based on nucleotide similarity, and results showed 99,64 and 100% similarity with ITS (OL711714) and calmodulin (KX894585), respectively. The sequence was deposited in GenBank with accession numbers OQ456471 (ITS) and OQ426518 (calmodulin). We also confirmed the presence of this species with specific primers (AWEL1/AWEL2) designed by Susca et al. 2020. Pathogenicity test was performed in Zemun Polje on the same maize hybrid from which the fungal species was isolated. Using artificial inoculations by the injecting conidial suspension into the silk channel, three days after 50% of plants reached the silking stage. Twenty ears were inoculated with each isolate, in four replicates (Reid et al, 1996). Inoculum was prepared from 7-day-old colonies on PDA, and 2 ml of a conidial suspension (1×106 spores/ml) was used. Control plants were inoculated with sterile water. All inoculated ears showed symptoms, similar to those from field infections. Control ears were symptomless. The fungus was reisolated and was morphologically  identical  to  the  original  isolates,  thus  completing  Koch’s  postulates.  Based  on molecular,   morphological   and   pathogenic   properties,   the   isolates   were   identified   as A. welwitschiae. This is the first report of A. welwitschiae as the causal agent of black maize ear rot not only in Serbia, but also in the other countries of the Western Balkans. Given that the fungus A. welwitschiae  synthesizes  both  ochratoxin  A  (OTA)  (Battilani  et  al,  2006)  and  fumonisin  (FB) (Frisvad  et  al,  2011),  further  studies  should  be  focused  on  assessment  its  aggressiveness  and toxicological profile.
PB  - The American Phytopathological Society
T2  - Plant Disease
T1  - First report of Aspergillus welwitschiae causing maize ear rot in Serbia
VL  - 108
IS  - 1
EP  - 209
DO  - 10.1094/PDIS-05-23-0883-PDN
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1315
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolić, Milica and Savić, Iva and Nikolić, Ana and Stevanović, Milan and Kandić, Vesna and Stanković, Goran and Stanković, Slavica",
year = "2024",
abstract = "In recent years, countries in Southeast Europe are facing climate changes characterized by extreme hot weather, which contribute to the increased frequency of Aspergillus species. Because of these changes, Aspergillus  parasiticus  was  isolated,  for  the  first  time,  from  maize  grain  in  Serbia (Nikolic et al, 2018). The presence of black powdery mycelia on maize ears indicated occurrence of species of the genus Aspergillus section Nigri, which led to the need for detailed identification of these fungi. Disease incidence ranged from 10 and 15% in August 2013. Maize ears with black powdery symptoms were collected from field in Zemun Polje, Serbia. Symptomatic kernels were surface  sterilized  with  1%  sodium  hypochlorite  solution  for  3  min,  rinsed  three  times  with sterilized  water,  then  incubated  at  25°C  in  the  dark  for  7  days  on  potato  dextrose  agar  (PDA). Twenty  isolates  were  identified  as  genus Aspergillus section Nigri.  Monospore  cultures  formed black cottony colonies with a yellowish border on PDA. The average colony diameter was 50 mm. In  order  to  reliably  identify,  isolates  were  transferred  to  Malt  Extract  agar  (MEA)  and  Czapek Yeast Autolysate agar (CYA) (Samson et al, 2014). On CYA fungal colonies consisted of a white mycelium, covered by a layer of black conidiophores. On MEA fungal colonies were dense, black, with  yellowish  border.  The  reverse  side  was  colorless  to  pale  yellow,  with  a  yellow  ring  in  the middle. The average size of conidia was 4.3 μm. The conidia were globose to sub-globose, smooth to  roughened,  which  coincides  with  previous  research  (Silva  et  al,  2020).  Given  that  the  fungi Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus welwitschiae are morphologically indistinguishable (Susca et al, 2016), species level identification was completed by analysis of a partial sequence of the internal Page 1 of 5transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1/ITS4 primers) and calmodulin gene (CMD5/CMD6 primers) (Samson et al., 2014).  The sequences were compared with the sequences of A. welwitschiae strains registered in the GenBank database based on nucleotide similarity, and results showed 99,64 and 100% similarity with ITS (OL711714) and calmodulin (KX894585), respectively. The sequence was deposited in GenBank with accession numbers OQ456471 (ITS) and OQ426518 (calmodulin). We also confirmed the presence of this species with specific primers (AWEL1/AWEL2) designed by Susca et al. 2020. Pathogenicity test was performed in Zemun Polje on the same maize hybrid from which the fungal species was isolated. Using artificial inoculations by the injecting conidial suspension into the silk channel, three days after 50% of plants reached the silking stage. Twenty ears were inoculated with each isolate, in four replicates (Reid et al, 1996). Inoculum was prepared from 7-day-old colonies on PDA, and 2 ml of a conidial suspension (1×106 spores/ml) was used. Control plants were inoculated with sterile water. All inoculated ears showed symptoms, similar to those from field infections. Control ears were symptomless. The fungus was reisolated and was morphologically  identical  to  the  original  isolates,  thus  completing  Koch’s  postulates.  Based  on molecular,   morphological   and   pathogenic   properties,   the   isolates   were   identified   as A. welwitschiae. This is the first report of A. welwitschiae as the causal agent of black maize ear rot not only in Serbia, but also in the other countries of the Western Balkans. Given that the fungus A. welwitschiae  synthesizes  both  ochratoxin  A  (OTA)  (Battilani  et  al,  2006)  and  fumonisin  (FB) (Frisvad  et  al,  2011),  further  studies  should  be  focused  on  assessment  its  aggressiveness  and toxicological profile.",
publisher = "The American Phytopathological Society",
journal = "Plant Disease",
title = "First report of Aspergillus welwitschiae causing maize ear rot in Serbia",
volume = "108",
number = "1",
pages = "209",
doi = "10.1094/PDIS-05-23-0883-PDN",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1315"
}

Nikolić, M., Savić, I., Nikolić, A., Stevanović, M., Kandić, V., Stanković, G.,& Stanković, S.. (2024). First report of Aspergillus welwitschiae causing maize ear rot in Serbia. in Plant Disease
The American Phytopathological Society., 108(1).
https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-23-0883-PDN
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1315

Nikolić M, Savić I, Nikolić A, Stevanović M, Kandić V, Stanković G, Stanković S. First report of Aspergillus welwitschiae causing maize ear rot in Serbia. in Plant Disease. 2024;108(1):null-209.
doi:10.1094/PDIS-05-23-0883-PDN
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1315 .

Nikolić, Milica, Savić, Iva, Nikolić, Ana, Stevanović, Milan, Kandić, Vesna, Stanković, Goran, Stanković, Slavica, "First report of Aspergillus welwitschiae causing maize ear rot in Serbia" in Plant Disease, 108, no. 1 (2024),
https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-23-0883-PDN .,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1315 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Nikolić, Milica
AU  - Savić, Iva
AU  - Obradović, Ana
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/1325
AB  - Ova studija je sprovedena sa ciljem da se ispita prirodna pojava toksigenih vrsta gljiva i sadržaj fumonizina (FB), ukupnih aflatoksina (AFLA), zearalenona (ZEA) i deoksinivalenola (DON) u zrnu kukuruza, uskladištenom neposredno nakon berbe 2022. godine. Prikupljeni su uzorci zrna kukuruza sa tri lokacije (Zemun Polje, Školsko Dobro i Zagajica) u Srbiji i analizirani na prisustvo mikotoksina. Nakon sušenja i mlevenja, uzorci su homogenizovani sa 25 ml 70% rastvora metanola i destilovanom vodom (3:1), a zatim ekstrahovani. Kvantifikacija ukupnog sadržaja mikotoksina izvršena je metodom imunoapsorpcionih enzima (ELISA) prema uputstvu za upotrebu proizvođača (Tecna S.R.L., Italija, Celer Test Kit).
Analizom 100 uzoraka zrna kukuruza utvrđena je velika varijabilnost u koncentraciji ispitivanih mikotoksina. Svi ispitivani uzorci su bili pozitivni na najmanje jedan od ispitivanih mikotoksina (FB, AFLA, ZEA, DON). Fumonizin je detektovan u koncentraciji od 0 do 0,268 ppm, ukupni aflatoksin od 0,423 do 3,925 ppb, zearalenon od 0 do 9,685 ppb, i deoksinivalenol od 0,005 do 3,581 ppm.
U svim ispitivanim hibridima, analize mikotoksina su pokazale da su nivoi FB, AFLA, ZEA i DON bili ispod maksimalno dozvoljenih nivoa propisanih zakonodavstvom Evropske unije i Republike Srbije, namenjenom za kukuruz i proizvode od kukuruza. Neophodno je kontinuirano praćenje sadržaja mikotoksina, s obzirom da se isti menja iz godine u godinu.
AB  - This study was conducted to investigate the natural occurrence of toxigenic fungal species and the levels of fumonisin (FB), zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), and total aflatoxin (AFLA) in corn kernels stored immediately after harvest in 2022. Samples of maize kernels from two locations (Zemun Polje and Zagajica) in Serbia were collected and analyzed for the presence of mycotoxins. After drying and milling, the samples were homogenized with 25 ml of 70% metanol solution and distilled water (3:1) and then extracted. Quantification of total mycotoxin content was performed using the immunoapsorption enzyme method according to the manufacturer's instructions (Tecna S.R.L., Italy, Celer Test Kit).
The analysis of 100 maize kernels samples was determined by a great variability in the concentration of mycotoxins studied. All samples tested were positive for at least one of the mycotoxins tested (fumonisin, aflatoxin, zearalenone or deoxynivalenol). Fumonisin is determined at a concentration of 0 to 0.268 ppm, total aflatoxin at a concentration of 0.423 to 3.925 ppb, zearalenone at a concentration of 0 to 9.685 ppb, while deoxynivalenol is detected at a concentration of 0.005 to 3.581 ppm.
In all tested hybrids, mycotoxin analyses showed that the levels of AFLA, DON, ZEA and FBs were below the maximum permissible levels established by the legislation of the European Union and the Republic of Serbia in maize intended for maize and maize products. Continuous monitoring of mycotoxin content is necessary as it changes from year to year.
PB  - Beograd : Društvo genetičara Srbije
C3  - 10. simpozijum Društva selekcionera i semenara Republike Srbije i 7. simpozijum Sekcije za oplemenjivanje organizama Društva genetičara Srbije, Vrnjačka Banja, 16-18. oktobar 2023, Zbornik apstrakta
T1  - Fuzariotoksini i aflatoksini u kukuruzu
T1  - Fusariotoxins and aflatoxins in maize kernels
SP  - 95
SP  - 95
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1325
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Nikolić, Milica and Savić, Iva and Obradović, Ana and Stanković, Slavica",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Ova studija je sprovedena sa ciljem da se ispita prirodna pojava toksigenih vrsta gljiva i sadržaj fumonizina (FB), ukupnih aflatoksina (AFLA), zearalenona (ZEA) i deoksinivalenola (DON) u zrnu kukuruza, uskladištenom neposredno nakon berbe 2022. godine. Prikupljeni su uzorci zrna kukuruza sa tri lokacije (Zemun Polje, Školsko Dobro i Zagajica) u Srbiji i analizirani na prisustvo mikotoksina. Nakon sušenja i mlevenja, uzorci su homogenizovani sa 25 ml 70% rastvora metanola i destilovanom vodom (3:1), a zatim ekstrahovani. Kvantifikacija ukupnog sadržaja mikotoksina izvršena je metodom imunoapsorpcionih enzima (ELISA) prema uputstvu za upotrebu proizvođača (Tecna S.R.L., Italija, Celer Test Kit).
Analizom 100 uzoraka zrna kukuruza utvrđena je velika varijabilnost u koncentraciji ispitivanih mikotoksina. Svi ispitivani uzorci su bili pozitivni na najmanje jedan od ispitivanih mikotoksina (FB, AFLA, ZEA, DON). Fumonizin je detektovan u koncentraciji od 0 do 0,268 ppm, ukupni aflatoksin od 0,423 do 3,925 ppb, zearalenon od 0 do 9,685 ppb, i deoksinivalenol od 0,005 do 3,581 ppm.
U svim ispitivanim hibridima, analize mikotoksina su pokazale da su nivoi FB, AFLA, ZEA i DON bili ispod maksimalno dozvoljenih nivoa propisanih zakonodavstvom Evropske unije i Republike Srbije, namenjenom za kukuruz i proizvode od kukuruza. Neophodno je kontinuirano praćenje sadržaja mikotoksina, s obzirom da se isti menja iz godine u godinu., This study was conducted to investigate the natural occurrence of toxigenic fungal species and the levels of fumonisin (FB), zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), and total aflatoxin (AFLA) in corn kernels stored immediately after harvest in 2022. Samples of maize kernels from two locations (Zemun Polje and Zagajica) in Serbia were collected and analyzed for the presence of mycotoxins. After drying and milling, the samples were homogenized with 25 ml of 70% metanol solution and distilled water (3:1) and then extracted. Quantification of total mycotoxin content was performed using the immunoapsorption enzyme method according to the manufacturer's instructions (Tecna S.R.L., Italy, Celer Test Kit).
The analysis of 100 maize kernels samples was determined by a great variability in the concentration of mycotoxins studied. All samples tested were positive for at least one of the mycotoxins tested (fumonisin, aflatoxin, zearalenone or deoxynivalenol). Fumonisin is determined at a concentration of 0 to 0.268 ppm, total aflatoxin at a concentration of 0.423 to 3.925 ppb, zearalenone at a concentration of 0 to 9.685 ppb, while deoxynivalenol is detected at a concentration of 0.005 to 3.581 ppm.
In all tested hybrids, mycotoxin analyses showed that the levels of AFLA, DON, ZEA and FBs were below the maximum permissible levels established by the legislation of the European Union and the Republic of Serbia in maize intended for maize and maize products. Continuous monitoring of mycotoxin content is necessary as it changes from year to year.",
publisher = "Beograd : Društvo genetičara Srbije",
journal = "10. simpozijum Društva selekcionera i semenara Republike Srbije i 7. simpozijum Sekcije za oplemenjivanje organizama Društva genetičara Srbije, Vrnjačka Banja, 16-18. oktobar 2023, Zbornik apstrakta",
title = "Fuzariotoksini i aflatoksini u kukuruzu, Fusariotoxins and aflatoxins in maize kernels",
pages = "95-95",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1325"
}

Nikolić, M., Savić, I., Obradović, A.,& Stanković, S.. (2023). Fuzariotoksini i aflatoksini u kukuruzu. in 10. simpozijum Društva selekcionera i semenara Republike Srbije i 7. simpozijum Sekcije za oplemenjivanje organizama Društva genetičara Srbije, Vrnjačka Banja, 16-18. oktobar 2023, Zbornik apstrakta
Beograd : Društvo genetičara Srbije., 95.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1325

Nikolić M, Savić I, Obradović A, Stanković S. Fuzariotoksini i aflatoksini u kukuruzu. in 10. simpozijum Društva selekcionera i semenara Republike Srbije i 7. simpozijum Sekcije za oplemenjivanje organizama Društva genetičara Srbije, Vrnjačka Banja, 16-18. oktobar 2023, Zbornik apstrakta. 2023;:95.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1325 .

Nikolić, Milica, Savić, Iva, Obradović, Ana, Stanković, Slavica, "Fuzariotoksini i aflatoksini u kukuruzu" in 10. simpozijum Društva selekcionera i semenara Republike Srbije i 7. simpozijum Sekcije za oplemenjivanje organizama Društva genetičara Srbije, Vrnjačka Banja, 16-18. oktobar 2023, Zbornik apstrakta (2023):95,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1325 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Lucev, Milica
AU  - Savić, Iva
AU  - Obradović, Ana
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/1317
AB  - This study was carried out in order to investigate the natural occurrence of toxigenic fungal species and levels of 
fumonisin (FBs), zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and total aflatoxin (AFLA) in the maize kernels, stored 
immediately after harvesting in 2022. Samples of maize kernels from two locations (Zemun Polje and Zagajica) in 
Serbia were collected, and analysed for the presence of mycotoxins. After drying and grinding, the samples were 
homogenized with 25 ml of 70% metanol solution and distilled water (3:1), and then extracted. Quantification 
of the total content of mycotoxins was performed using the immunoapsorption enzyme method according to the 
manufacturer’s operating instructions (Tecna S.R.L., Italy, Celer Test Kit). The analysis of 100 maize kernels samples 
was determined by great variability in the concentration of examined mycotoxins. All examined samples were positive 
for at least one of the examined mycotoxins (fumonisin, aflatoxin, zearalenone or deoxynivalenol). Fumonisin is 
determined in concentration of 0 to 0.254 ppm, total aflatoxin in concentration of 0.619 to 3.676 ppb, zearalenone 
in concentration 0 to 9.379 ppb, while deoxynivalenol is detected in concentration 0.006 to 3.307 ppm. In all tested 
hybrids, mycotoxins analyses showed that the levels of AFLA, DON, ZEA and FBs were below the maximum 
permissible levels stipulated by the legislation of the European Union and the Republic of Serbia in maize intended 
for maize and maize products. Continuous monitoring of mycotoxin content is necessary, given that it changes from 
year to year.
PB  - Roma : Sapienza University
C3  - 16.european fusarium seminar
T1  - Occurrence of fusariotoxins and aflatoxins in maize kernels after harvest in Serbia in 2022
SP  - 28
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1317
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Lucev, Milica and Savić, Iva and Obradović, Ana and Stanković, Slavica",
year = "2023",
abstract = "This study was carried out in order to investigate the natural occurrence of toxigenic fungal species and levels of 
fumonisin (FBs), zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and total aflatoxin (AFLA) in the maize kernels, stored 
immediately after harvesting in 2022. Samples of maize kernels from two locations (Zemun Polje and Zagajica) in 
Serbia were collected, and analysed for the presence of mycotoxins. After drying and grinding, the samples were 
homogenized with 25 ml of 70% metanol solution and distilled water (3:1), and then extracted. Quantification 
of the total content of mycotoxins was performed using the immunoapsorption enzyme method according to the 
manufacturer’s operating instructions (Tecna S.R.L., Italy, Celer Test Kit). The analysis of 100 maize kernels samples 
was determined by great variability in the concentration of examined mycotoxins. All examined samples were positive 
for at least one of the examined mycotoxins (fumonisin, aflatoxin, zearalenone or deoxynivalenol). Fumonisin is 
determined in concentration of 0 to 0.254 ppm, total aflatoxin in concentration of 0.619 to 3.676 ppb, zearalenone 
in concentration 0 to 9.379 ppb, while deoxynivalenol is detected in concentration 0.006 to 3.307 ppm. In all tested 
hybrids, mycotoxins analyses showed that the levels of AFLA, DON, ZEA and FBs were below the maximum 
permissible levels stipulated by the legislation of the European Union and the Republic of Serbia in maize intended 
for maize and maize products. Continuous monitoring of mycotoxin content is necessary, given that it changes from 
year to year.",
publisher = "Roma : Sapienza University",
journal = "16.european fusarium seminar",
title = "Occurrence of fusariotoxins and aflatoxins in maize kernels after harvest in Serbia in 2022",
pages = "28",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1317"
}

Lucev, M., Savić, I., Obradović, A.,& Stanković, S.. (2023). Occurrence of fusariotoxins and aflatoxins in maize kernels after harvest in Serbia in 2022. in 16.european fusarium seminar
Roma : Sapienza University., 28.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1317

Lucev M, Savić I, Obradović A, Stanković S. Occurrence of fusariotoxins and aflatoxins in maize kernels after harvest in Serbia in 2022. in 16.european fusarium seminar. 2023;:28.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1317 .

Lucev, Milica, Savić, Iva, Obradović, Ana, Stanković, Slavica, "Occurrence of fusariotoxins and aflatoxins in maize kernels after harvest in Serbia in 2022" in 16.european fusarium seminar (2023):28,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1317 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Savić, Iva
AU  - Lucev, Milica
AU  - Nikolić, Ana
AU  - Kandić, Vesna
AU  - Vico, Ivana
AU  - Duduk, Natasa
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/1326
AB  - Gljive roda Fusarium spadaju u grupu ekonomski značajnih prouzrokovača fuzarioze klasa strnih žita. Vrsta Fusarium verticillioides je kosmopolitski rasprostranjena, ekonomski značajna i toksigena vrsta. Primarni domaćin ove vrste je kukuruz, ali je njeno prisustvo zabeleženo i na pšenici, durum pšenici i ječmu.
Za potrebe izolacije DNK zasejano je 36 izolata Fusarium spp. koji su gajeni na KDA podlozi, 7 dana u termostatu pri temperaturi od 25°C.
Molekularna identifikacija i karakterizacija izvršena je primenom prajmera specifičnih za vrstu F. verticillioides. Specifični prajmeri koji su korišćeni za identifikaciju su VER1/VER2, zasnovani na genu za kalmodulin, i FV-F2/FV-FR, zasnovani na gaoB genu. Odabranih 14 izolata je okarakterisano na osnovu tri regiona: ITS regiona primenom prajmera ITS1 i ITS4. ITS region je univerzalni region za identifikaciju gljiva. Zatim, izolati su okarakterisani i na osnovu delu gena za elongacioni faktor (TEF 1-α regiona) pomoću prajmera EF1/EF2. TEF 1-α region je primarni region za identifikaciju vrste F. verticillioides. Takođe identifikacija je izvršena i na osnovu delu gena za RNK polimerazu (RPB2) primenom 7cf/11ar prajmera. RPB2 region je sekundarni barkod marker za identifikaciju vrste F. verticillioides. Sekvenciranjem tri regiona dobijene su sekvence na osnovu kojih su rekonstruisana filogenetska stabla za svaki region posebno. 
Od 36 izolata, kod 14 izolata dobijeni su amplikoni očekivanih veličina sa prajmerima VER1/VER2 i FV-F2/FV-R. Identifikacija ovih izolata potvrđena je i na osnovu sva tri regiona (ITS, TEF1-α i RPB2).
AB  - Fungi of the genus Fusarium belong to the group of economically important species that cause fusariosis on small grain cereals. The species Fusarium verticillioides is a cosmopolitan, economically important and toxigenic species. The primary host of this species is maize, but its presence has also been detected on wheat, durum wheat and barley.
For the purposes of DNA isolation, 36 isolates of Fusarium spp. were grown on PDA medium, for 7 days in a thermostat at a temperature of 25°C.
Molecular identification and characterization was performed using primers specific for the species F. verticillioides. The specific primers used for identification were VER1/VER2, based on the calmodulin gene, and FV-F2/FV-FR, based on the gaoB gene. The selected 14 isolates were characterized based on three regions: ITS region using primers ITS1 and ITS4. The ITS region is a universal region for fungal identification. Then, the isolates were characterized based on part of the elongation factor gene (TEF 1-α region) using EF1/EF2 primers. The TEF 1-α region is the primary region for identification F. verticillioides. Identification was also performed based on part of the gene for RNA polymerase (RPB2) using the 7cf/11ar primer. The RPB2 region is a secondary barcode marker for species identification of F. verticillioides. By sequencing three regions, sequences were obtained on the basis of which phylogenetic trees were reconstructed for each region separately.
Out of 36 isolates, 14 isolates obtained amplicons of expected sizes with primers VER1/VER2 and FV-F2/FV-R. The identification of these isolates was confirmed based on all three regions (ITS, TEF1-α and RPB2).
PB  - Beograd : Društvo genetičara Srbije
C3  - 10. simpozijum Društva selekcionera i semenara Republike Srbije i 7. simpozijum Sekcije za oplemenjivanje organizama Društva genetičara Srbije, Vrnjačka Banja, 16-18. oktobar 2023, Zbornik apstrakta
T1  - Molekularna identifikacija vrste Fusarium verticillioides patogena zrna strnih žita
T1  - Molecular identification of Fusarium verticillioides pathogen of small grain kernels
SP  - 69
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1326
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Savić, Iva and Lucev, Milica and Nikolić, Ana and Kandić, Vesna and Vico, Ivana and Duduk, Natasa and Stanković, Slavica",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Gljive roda Fusarium spadaju u grupu ekonomski značajnih prouzrokovača fuzarioze klasa strnih žita. Vrsta Fusarium verticillioides je kosmopolitski rasprostranjena, ekonomski značajna i toksigena vrsta. Primarni domaćin ove vrste je kukuruz, ali je njeno prisustvo zabeleženo i na pšenici, durum pšenici i ječmu.
Za potrebe izolacije DNK zasejano je 36 izolata Fusarium spp. koji su gajeni na KDA podlozi, 7 dana u termostatu pri temperaturi od 25°C.
Molekularna identifikacija i karakterizacija izvršena je primenom prajmera specifičnih za vrstu F. verticillioides. Specifični prajmeri koji su korišćeni za identifikaciju su VER1/VER2, zasnovani na genu za kalmodulin, i FV-F2/FV-FR, zasnovani na gaoB genu. Odabranih 14 izolata je okarakterisano na osnovu tri regiona: ITS regiona primenom prajmera ITS1 i ITS4. ITS region je univerzalni region za identifikaciju gljiva. Zatim, izolati su okarakterisani i na osnovu delu gena za elongacioni faktor (TEF 1-α regiona) pomoću prajmera EF1/EF2. TEF 1-α region je primarni region za identifikaciju vrste F. verticillioides. Takođe identifikacija je izvršena i na osnovu delu gena za RNK polimerazu (RPB2) primenom 7cf/11ar prajmera. RPB2 region je sekundarni barkod marker za identifikaciju vrste F. verticillioides. Sekvenciranjem tri regiona dobijene su sekvence na osnovu kojih su rekonstruisana filogenetska stabla za svaki region posebno. 
Od 36 izolata, kod 14 izolata dobijeni su amplikoni očekivanih veličina sa prajmerima VER1/VER2 i FV-F2/FV-R. Identifikacija ovih izolata potvrđena je i na osnovu sva tri regiona (ITS, TEF1-α i RPB2)., Fungi of the genus Fusarium belong to the group of economically important species that cause fusariosis on small grain cereals. The species Fusarium verticillioides is a cosmopolitan, economically important and toxigenic species. The primary host of this species is maize, but its presence has also been detected on wheat, durum wheat and barley.
For the purposes of DNA isolation, 36 isolates of Fusarium spp. were grown on PDA medium, for 7 days in a thermostat at a temperature of 25°C.
Molecular identification and characterization was performed using primers specific for the species F. verticillioides. The specific primers used for identification were VER1/VER2, based on the calmodulin gene, and FV-F2/FV-FR, based on the gaoB gene. The selected 14 isolates were characterized based on three regions: ITS region using primers ITS1 and ITS4. The ITS region is a universal region for fungal identification. Then, the isolates were characterized based on part of the elongation factor gene (TEF 1-α region) using EF1/EF2 primers. The TEF 1-α region is the primary region for identification F. verticillioides. Identification was also performed based on part of the gene for RNA polymerase (RPB2) using the 7cf/11ar primer. The RPB2 region is a secondary barcode marker for species identification of F. verticillioides. By sequencing three regions, sequences were obtained on the basis of which phylogenetic trees were reconstructed for each region separately.
Out of 36 isolates, 14 isolates obtained amplicons of expected sizes with primers VER1/VER2 and FV-F2/FV-R. The identification of these isolates was confirmed based on all three regions (ITS, TEF1-α and RPB2).",
publisher = "Beograd : Društvo genetičara Srbije",
journal = "10. simpozijum Društva selekcionera i semenara Republike Srbije i 7. simpozijum Sekcije za oplemenjivanje organizama Društva genetičara Srbije, Vrnjačka Banja, 16-18. oktobar 2023, Zbornik apstrakta",
title = "Molekularna identifikacija vrste Fusarium verticillioides patogena zrna strnih žita, Molecular identification of Fusarium verticillioides pathogen of small grain kernels",
pages = "69",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1326"
}

Savić, I., Lucev, M., Nikolić, A., Kandić, V., Vico, I., Duduk, N.,& Stanković, S.. (2023). Molekularna identifikacija vrste Fusarium verticillioides patogena zrna strnih žita. in 10. simpozijum Društva selekcionera i semenara Republike Srbije i 7. simpozijum Sekcije za oplemenjivanje organizama Društva genetičara Srbije, Vrnjačka Banja, 16-18. oktobar 2023, Zbornik apstrakta
Beograd : Društvo genetičara Srbije., 69.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1326

Savić I, Lucev M, Nikolić A, Kandić V, Vico I, Duduk N, Stanković S. Molekularna identifikacija vrste Fusarium verticillioides patogena zrna strnih žita. in 10. simpozijum Društva selekcionera i semenara Republike Srbije i 7. simpozijum Sekcije za oplemenjivanje organizama Društva genetičara Srbije, Vrnjačka Banja, 16-18. oktobar 2023, Zbornik apstrakta. 2023;:69.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1326 .

Savić, Iva, Lucev, Milica, Nikolić, Ana, Kandić, Vesna, Vico, Ivana, Duduk, Natasa, Stanković, Slavica, "Molekularna identifikacija vrste Fusarium verticillioides patogena zrna strnih žita" in 10. simpozijum Društva selekcionera i semenara Republike Srbije i 7. simpozijum Sekcije za oplemenjivanje organizama Društva genetičara Srbije, Vrnjačka Banja, 16-18. oktobar 2023, Zbornik apstrakta (2023):69,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1326 .

TY  - PAT
AU  - Grčić, Nikola
AU  - Filipović, Milomir
AU  - Mladenović, Marko
AU  - Savić, Iva
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/1266
PB  - Beograd : Republika Srbija, Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede - Uprava za zaštitu bilja
T2  - Rešenje broj 320-09-02436/2/2021-11 od 30.03.2023. godine
T1  - ZP 6090
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1266
ER  - 

@misc{
author = "Grčić, Nikola and Filipović, Milomir and Mladenović, Marko and Savić, Iva",
year = "2023",
publisher = "Beograd : Republika Srbija, Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede - Uprava za zaštitu bilja",
journal = "Rešenje broj 320-09-02436/2/2021-11 od 30.03.2023. godine",
title = "ZP 6090",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1266"
}

Grčić, N., Filipović, M., Mladenović, M.,& Savić, I.. (2023). ZP 6090. in Rešenje broj 320-09-02436/2/2021-11 od 30.03.2023. godine
Beograd : Republika Srbija, Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede - Uprava za zaštitu bilja..
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1266

Grčić N, Filipović M, Mladenović M, Savić I. ZP 6090. in Rešenje broj 320-09-02436/2/2021-11 od 30.03.2023. godine. 2023;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1266 .

Grčić, Nikola, Filipović, Milomir, Mladenović, Marko, Savić, Iva, "ZP 6090" in Rešenje broj 320-09-02436/2/2021-11 od 30.03.2023. godine (2023),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1266 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Stevanović, Milan
AU  - Grčić, Nikola
AU  - Nikolić, Milica
AU  - Mladenović-Drinić, Snežana
AU  - Perić, Sanja
AU  - Kovačević, Aleksandar
AU  - Savić, Iva
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/1310
AB  - During the past seven decades, the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje has 
been succeeding in keeping up with global trends within the fields of 
developing and producing hybrids of various FAO maturity groups (100-700). 
Considering the length of the growing season, breeding of such a wide range 
of hybrids, has provided marketing of hybrid maize seed all over the world. 
Mercantile corn production in Serbia increasingly involves the participation of 
medium early hybrids FAO 300-400. These hybrids should be characterized as 
high and stable yields with a quick release of moisture from the kernels. The 
intensification of agricultural production, higher inputs, harvesting corn 
directly by shelling in grain, high temperatures accompanied by dry winds and 
lack of rainfall during the growing period are among the most important causes 
for the growing medium early hybrids. Medium early hybrids have a smaller 
plant which enables them growing in higher densities that is, larger number of 
plants per unit area. Also, due to the shorter growing season, these hybrids go 
through a period of grain filling in terms of better soil moisture supply. In the 
Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje in recent times, the development of 
medium early maturity hybrids has been performed, and the hybrid ZP 4242 
(FAO 400) is a result of such development. This hybrid was tested in trails of 
the Commission for the Variety Releasing in 2020 and 2021. During the 
investigation period, yields of the hybrid ZP 4242 were significantly higher 
than yields of check hybrids NK PAKO and ZEROS. ZP 4242 had a moisture 
level content on the level of check hybrids. Because of its adaptability, yield 
stability and good level of drought tolerance new ZP hybrid has good potential 
for production in different agro-ecological environments.
PB  - University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture
C3  - Book of the abstracts of the XI International Symposium of Agricultural Sciences "Agrores 2022"
T1  - ZP 4242 - a new maize hybrid
SP  - 71
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1310
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Stevanović, Milan and Grčić, Nikola and Nikolić, Milica and Mladenović-Drinić, Snežana and Perić, Sanja and Kovačević, Aleksandar and Savić, Iva",
year = "2022",
abstract = "During the past seven decades, the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje has 
been succeeding in keeping up with global trends within the fields of 
developing and producing hybrids of various FAO maturity groups (100-700). 
Considering the length of the growing season, breeding of such a wide range 
of hybrids, has provided marketing of hybrid maize seed all over the world. 
Mercantile corn production in Serbia increasingly involves the participation of 
medium early hybrids FAO 300-400. These hybrids should be characterized as 
high and stable yields with a quick release of moisture from the kernels. The 
intensification of agricultural production, higher inputs, harvesting corn 
directly by shelling in grain, high temperatures accompanied by dry winds and 
lack of rainfall during the growing period are among the most important causes 
for the growing medium early hybrids. Medium early hybrids have a smaller 
plant which enables them growing in higher densities that is, larger number of 
plants per unit area. Also, due to the shorter growing season, these hybrids go 
through a period of grain filling in terms of better soil moisture supply. In the 
Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje in recent times, the development of 
medium early maturity hybrids has been performed, and the hybrid ZP 4242 
(FAO 400) is a result of such development. This hybrid was tested in trails of 
the Commission for the Variety Releasing in 2020 and 2021. During the 
investigation period, yields of the hybrid ZP 4242 were significantly higher 
than yields of check hybrids NK PAKO and ZEROS. ZP 4242 had a moisture 
level content on the level of check hybrids. Because of its adaptability, yield 
stability and good level of drought tolerance new ZP hybrid has good potential 
for production in different agro-ecological environments.",
publisher = "University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture",
journal = "Book of the abstracts of the XI International Symposium of Agricultural Sciences "Agrores 2022"",
title = "ZP 4242 - a new maize hybrid",
pages = "71",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1310"
}

Stevanović, M., Grčić, N., Nikolić, M., Mladenović-Drinić, S., Perić, S., Kovačević, A.,& Savić, I.. (2022). ZP 4242 - a new maize hybrid. in Book of the abstracts of the XI International Symposium of Agricultural Sciences "Agrores 2022"
University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture., 71.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1310

Stevanović M, Grčić N, Nikolić M, Mladenović-Drinić S, Perić S, Kovačević A, Savić I. ZP 4242 - a new maize hybrid. in Book of the abstracts of the XI International Symposium of Agricultural Sciences "Agrores 2022". 2022;:71.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1310 .

Stevanović, Milan, Grčić, Nikola, Nikolić, Milica, Mladenović-Drinić, Snežana, Perić, Sanja, Kovačević, Aleksandar, Savić, Iva, "ZP 4242 - a new maize hybrid" in Book of the abstracts of the XI International Symposium of Agricultural Sciences "Agrores 2022" (2022):71,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1310 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Savić, Iva
AU  - Nikolić, Milica
AU  - Kandić, Vesna
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/1319
AB  - Wheat and wheat products can be contaminated with various fungal species. 
Secondary metabolites of these fungi, such as deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, 
fumonisin B1 and aflatoxins are important mycotoxins that cause various 
harmful effects on human and animal health. Therefore, the aim of this study 
was to examine the concentration of mycotoxins in wheat grain. Wheat 
samples were tested for the presence of four mycotoxins (fumonisins, 
aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone). Samples were collected during 
two years (2020-2021), from different plots in Zemun Polje, Serbia. Grain 
samples were selected randomly. Total of 10 samples were tested each year. In 
order to perform the analysis for the presence of mycotoxins, grains were dried 
and ground. The analysis was performed by ELISA (Enzyme-linked 
immunosorbent assay) using Tecna´s ELISA test kit for mycotoxins. During 
the 2020 no fumonisins were recorded in any of the wheat samples. The values 
of synthesized aflatoxins ranged from 0.618-1.818 ppb, the values of
deoxynivalenol ranged from 0.006-1.058 ppm while concentrations of 
zearalenone were highest and ranged from 0.230-9.379 ppb. In 2021 no 
fumonisins and zearalenone were recorded in any of the wheat samples. 
Aflatoxins ranged from 2.209-3.812 ppb, and deoxynivalenol ranged from 
1.244-3.307 ppm. Contamination of wheat grain with toxic metabolites of 
fungi is one of the particularly important problems in global agriculture 
because it causes significant economic losses. Therefore, it is important to 
monitor the presence of these metabolites in order to develop effective methods 
to reduce grain contamination.
PB  - Banja Luka : University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture
C3  - 11. international symposium of agricultural sciences "AgroRes 2022" - Book of abstracts
T1  - Occurrence of mycotoxins in wheat grain during the period  2020–2021 in Serbia
SP  - 93
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1319
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Savić, Iva and Nikolić, Milica and Kandić, Vesna and Stanković, Slavica",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Wheat and wheat products can be contaminated with various fungal species. 
Secondary metabolites of these fungi, such as deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, 
fumonisin B1 and aflatoxins are important mycotoxins that cause various 
harmful effects on human and animal health. Therefore, the aim of this study 
was to examine the concentration of mycotoxins in wheat grain. Wheat 
samples were tested for the presence of four mycotoxins (fumonisins, 
aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone). Samples were collected during 
two years (2020-2021), from different plots in Zemun Polje, Serbia. Grain 
samples were selected randomly. Total of 10 samples were tested each year. In 
order to perform the analysis for the presence of mycotoxins, grains were dried 
and ground. The analysis was performed by ELISA (Enzyme-linked 
immunosorbent assay) using Tecna´s ELISA test kit for mycotoxins. During 
the 2020 no fumonisins were recorded in any of the wheat samples. The values 
of synthesized aflatoxins ranged from 0.618-1.818 ppb, the values of
deoxynivalenol ranged from 0.006-1.058 ppm while concentrations of 
zearalenone were highest and ranged from 0.230-9.379 ppb. In 2021 no 
fumonisins and zearalenone were recorded in any of the wheat samples. 
Aflatoxins ranged from 2.209-3.812 ppb, and deoxynivalenol ranged from 
1.244-3.307 ppm. Contamination of wheat grain with toxic metabolites of 
fungi is one of the particularly important problems in global agriculture 
because it causes significant economic losses. Therefore, it is important to 
monitor the presence of these metabolites in order to develop effective methods 
to reduce grain contamination.",
publisher = "Banja Luka : University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture",
journal = "11. international symposium of agricultural sciences "AgroRes 2022" - Book of abstracts",
title = "Occurrence of mycotoxins in wheat grain during the period  2020–2021 in Serbia",
pages = "93",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1319"
}

Savić, I., Nikolić, M., Kandić, V.,& Stanković, S.. (2022). Occurrence of mycotoxins in wheat grain during the period  2020–2021 in Serbia. in 11. international symposium of agricultural sciences "AgroRes 2022" - Book of abstracts
Banja Luka : University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture., 93.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1319

Savić I, Nikolić M, Kandić V, Stanković S. Occurrence of mycotoxins in wheat grain during the period  2020–2021 in Serbia. in 11. international symposium of agricultural sciences "AgroRes 2022" - Book of abstracts. 2022;:93.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1319 .

Savić, Iva, Nikolić, Milica, Kandić, Vesna, Stanković, Slavica, "Occurrence of mycotoxins in wheat grain during the period  2020–2021 in Serbia" in 11. international symposium of agricultural sciences "AgroRes 2022" - Book of abstracts (2022):93,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1319 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Nikolić, Milica
AU  - Savić, Iva
AU  - Kandić, Vesna
AU  - Stevanovic, Milan
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/1313
AB  - In recent years, public attention has increasingly focused on the production and
consumption of high quality safe food. Changes in the dietary trend have
influenced the formation of specific market requirements that have led to the
fact that in the diet are increasingly used alternative cereals of high nutritional
value, in addition to conventional. The ancient wheat species spelt [Triticum
aestivum subsp. spelta (L.) Thell.] has a growing interest due to its various
health benefits. Due to its biological and agronomic characteristics, spelt takes
an important place among alternative cereals. The aim of this study was to
investigate the natural occurrence of pathogenic and toxigenic fungi on seven
breeding lines of spelt grains in 2021 grown in Zemun Polje, Serbia. Based on
morphological properties (colony and spore appearance) it was determined that
breeding line 6337 was the least infected (2,2%) and that the peeled grains had
a lower degree of infection compared to grains with glumes. Glumes have been
shown to be a physical protection against pathogens. Mycological analyses
confirmed the presence Aspergillus spp., Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp. which
were the most prevalent. Considering the average values, the most frequent
were Aspergillus section Nigri (1,64%). Significance of Aspergillus section
Nigri is reflected not only in the deterioration of spelt grain yield, quality and
large economic losses but also in the fact that many species of this genus
produce toxic metabolites (mycotoxins), which are harmful to human and
animal health. Climate change and high adaptability and resistance of toxigenic
Aspergillus species are cited as the reason for this phenomenon.
PB  - University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture
C3  - Book of Abstracts of the XI International Symposium of Agricultural Sciences  "Agrores 2022"
T1  - Occurrence of toxigenic fungi on spelt grain with special  reference to Aspergillus species
SP  - 92
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1313
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Nikolić, Milica and Savić, Iva and Kandić, Vesna and Stevanovic, Milan and Stanković, Slavica",
year = "2022",
abstract = "In recent years, public attention has increasingly focused on the production and
consumption of high quality safe food. Changes in the dietary trend have
influenced the formation of specific market requirements that have led to the
fact that in the diet are increasingly used alternative cereals of high nutritional
value, in addition to conventional. The ancient wheat species spelt [Triticum
aestivum subsp. spelta (L.) Thell.] has a growing interest due to its various
health benefits. Due to its biological and agronomic characteristics, spelt takes
an important place among alternative cereals. The aim of this study was to
investigate the natural occurrence of pathogenic and toxigenic fungi on seven
breeding lines of spelt grains in 2021 grown in Zemun Polje, Serbia. Based on
morphological properties (colony and spore appearance) it was determined that
breeding line 6337 was the least infected (2,2%) and that the peeled grains had
a lower degree of infection compared to grains with glumes. Glumes have been
shown to be a physical protection against pathogens. Mycological analyses
confirmed the presence Aspergillus spp., Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp. which
were the most prevalent. Considering the average values, the most frequent
were Aspergillus section Nigri (1,64%). Significance of Aspergillus section
Nigri is reflected not only in the deterioration of spelt grain yield, quality and
large economic losses but also in the fact that many species of this genus
produce toxic metabolites (mycotoxins), which are harmful to human and
animal health. Climate change and high adaptability and resistance of toxigenic
Aspergillus species are cited as the reason for this phenomenon.",
publisher = "University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture",
journal = "Book of Abstracts of the XI International Symposium of Agricultural Sciences  "Agrores 2022"",
title = "Occurrence of toxigenic fungi on spelt grain with special  reference to Aspergillus species",
pages = "92",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1313"
}

Nikolić, M., Savić, I., Kandić, V., Stevanovic, M.,& Stanković, S.. (2022). Occurrence of toxigenic fungi on spelt grain with special  reference to Aspergillus species. in Book of Abstracts of the XI International Symposium of Agricultural Sciences  "Agrores 2022"
University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture., 92.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1313

Nikolić M, Savić I, Kandić V, Stevanovic M, Stanković S. Occurrence of toxigenic fungi on spelt grain with special  reference to Aspergillus species. in Book of Abstracts of the XI International Symposium of Agricultural Sciences  "Agrores 2022". 2022;:92.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1313 .

Nikolić, Milica, Savić, Iva, Kandić, Vesna, Stevanovic, Milan, Stanković, Slavica, "Occurrence of toxigenic fungi on spelt grain with special  reference to Aspergillus species" in Book of Abstracts of the XI International Symposium of Agricultural Sciences  "Agrores 2022" (2022):92,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1313 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Savić, Iva
AU  - Nikolić, Milica
AU  - Nikolić, Ana
AU  - Kandić, Vesna
AU  - Vico, Ivana
AU  - Duduk, Natasa
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/1301
AB  - Triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack) is a cereal crop species developed to combine positive traits of wheat and rye into a single plant (Arendt and Zannini 2013). Due to its high protein content, favorable amino acid composition, and nutritional values higher than maize, triticale is an excellent component for preparing feed for domestic animals (Đekić et al. 2019). In May 2017, discolored spikes of triticale were observed in a field in Zemun Polje, Serbia, with a disease incidence between 15 and 20%. In total, 400 kernels obtained from discolored spikes were surface sterilized with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 3 min, then rinsed three times with sterilized water, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25°C, and incubated in the dark for 7 days. In total, 15 isolates of genus Fusarium on PDA formed cottony white to greyish-purple colonies with dark yellow to purple-gray reverse and average colonies. Obtained isolates were transferred to carnation leaf agar (CLA) and synthetic nutrition agar (SNA) for a 7-day incubation in the dark at 25°C. Ten isolates formed “rabbit ear” monophialides, which is the main characteristic of Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg. Microconidia are formed from monophialids in long chains. Their shape is oval with a flattened base, without septa (4.0 to 18.0 by 1.5 to 4.5 µm). The shape of macroconidia is slightly falcate to almost straight (3.5 to 4.5 by 31 to 58 µm). Chlamydospores are not produced (Leslie and Summerell 2006). The genomic DNA from one F. verticillioides isolate was extracted using the DNeasy Plant Mini kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Molecular identification was confirmed by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1α (EF-1α), and RPB2 (O’Donnell et al. 2000). The sequence was deposited in GenBank as MZ664391, MZ666958, and MZ666957. This sequence was compared with the sequences of F. verticillioides strains registered in the GenBank database based on nucleotide similarity. It showed 100% identity to the sequences MT180471.1 (ITS), MN861767.1 (EF-1α), and MT264836.1 (RPB2). Pathogenicity of all isolates was tested on 20 randomly selected triticale spikes in four replicates (Mesterházy et al. 1999). Inoculation was performed when half of the plants reached the flowering stage by spraying with 20 ml of spore suspension (1 × 106 spores/ml from 7-day-old cultures on PDA). F. verticillioides RBG 1603 Q27 was used as a positive control. Inoculated spikes were covered with PVC bags for 48 h. Discolored spikes were observed after 3 weeks of incubation in a greenhouse at 20°C with a photoperiod of 16 and 8 h (light and dark). All inoculated spikes showed symptoms, similar to those from field infections. Control spikes were symptomless. The fungus was reisolated and was morphologically identical to the original isolates, thus completing Koch’s postulates. Based on morphological, molecular, and pathogenic features, the isolated fungus was identified as F. verticillioides. Fusarium spp. infect crop plants worldwide, resulting in yield loss and reduced grain quality due to mycotoxin contamination (Asam et al. 2017). In Serbia, F. verticillioides was isolated from wheat and barley grains (Stanković et al. 2012) and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. verticillioides on triticale grain in Serbia.
PB  - The American Phytopathological Society
T2  - Plant Disease
T1  - First report of Fusarium verticillioides causing fusariosis on triticale grain in Serbia
VL  - 106
IS  - 3
SP  - 1071
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1301
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Savić, Iva and Nikolić, Milica and Nikolić, Ana and Kandić, Vesna and Vico, Ivana and Duduk, Natasa and Stanković, Slavica",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack) is a cereal crop species developed to combine positive traits of wheat and rye into a single plant (Arendt and Zannini 2013). Due to its high protein content, favorable amino acid composition, and nutritional values higher than maize, triticale is an excellent component for preparing feed for domestic animals (Đekić et al. 2019). In May 2017, discolored spikes of triticale were observed in a field in Zemun Polje, Serbia, with a disease incidence between 15 and 20%. In total, 400 kernels obtained from discolored spikes were surface sterilized with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 3 min, then rinsed three times with sterilized water, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25°C, and incubated in the dark for 7 days. In total, 15 isolates of genus Fusarium on PDA formed cottony white to greyish-purple colonies with dark yellow to purple-gray reverse and average colonies. Obtained isolates were transferred to carnation leaf agar (CLA) and synthetic nutrition agar (SNA) for a 7-day incubation in the dark at 25°C. Ten isolates formed “rabbit ear” monophialides, which is the main characteristic of Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg. Microconidia are formed from monophialids in long chains. Their shape is oval with a flattened base, without septa (4.0 to 18.0 by 1.5 to 4.5 µm). The shape of macroconidia is slightly falcate to almost straight (3.5 to 4.5 by 31 to 58 µm). Chlamydospores are not produced (Leslie and Summerell 2006). The genomic DNA from one F. verticillioides isolate was extracted using the DNeasy Plant Mini kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Molecular identification was confirmed by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1α (EF-1α), and RPB2 (O’Donnell et al. 2000). The sequence was deposited in GenBank as MZ664391, MZ666958, and MZ666957. This sequence was compared with the sequences of F. verticillioides strains registered in the GenBank database based on nucleotide similarity. It showed 100% identity to the sequences MT180471.1 (ITS), MN861767.1 (EF-1α), and MT264836.1 (RPB2). Pathogenicity of all isolates was tested on 20 randomly selected triticale spikes in four replicates (Mesterházy et al. 1999). Inoculation was performed when half of the plants reached the flowering stage by spraying with 20 ml of spore suspension (1 × 106 spores/ml from 7-day-old cultures on PDA). F. verticillioides RBG 1603 Q27 was used as a positive control. Inoculated spikes were covered with PVC bags for 48 h. Discolored spikes were observed after 3 weeks of incubation in a greenhouse at 20°C with a photoperiod of 16 and 8 h (light and dark). All inoculated spikes showed symptoms, similar to those from field infections. Control spikes were symptomless. The fungus was reisolated and was morphologically identical to the original isolates, thus completing Koch’s postulates. Based on morphological, molecular, and pathogenic features, the isolated fungus was identified as F. verticillioides. Fusarium spp. infect crop plants worldwide, resulting in yield loss and reduced grain quality due to mycotoxin contamination (Asam et al. 2017). In Serbia, F. verticillioides was isolated from wheat and barley grains (Stanković et al. 2012) and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. verticillioides on triticale grain in Serbia.",
publisher = "The American Phytopathological Society",
journal = "Plant Disease",
title = "First report of Fusarium verticillioides causing fusariosis on triticale grain in Serbia",
volume = "106",
number = "3",
pages = "1071",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1301"
}

Savić, I., Nikolić, M., Nikolić, A., Kandić, V., Vico, I., Duduk, N.,& Stanković, S.. (2022). First report of Fusarium verticillioides causing fusariosis on triticale grain in Serbia. in Plant Disease
The American Phytopathological Society., 106(3), 1071.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1301

Savić I, Nikolić M, Nikolić A, Kandić V, Vico I, Duduk N, Stanković S. First report of Fusarium verticillioides causing fusariosis on triticale grain in Serbia. in Plant Disease. 2022;106(3):1071.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1301 .

Savić, Iva, Nikolić, Milica, Nikolić, Ana, Kandić, Vesna, Vico, Ivana, Duduk, Natasa, Stanković, Slavica, "First report of Fusarium verticillioides causing fusariosis on triticale grain in Serbia" in Plant Disease, 106, no. 3 (2022):1071,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1301 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Savić, Iva
AU  - Nikolić, Milica
AU  - Kandić, Vesna
AU  - Stevanovic, Milan
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/1320
AB  - Durum wheat is a cereal with high range of vitamins, minerals and other nutritional compounds
which are important in human nutrition. Durum wheat selection programs in Serbia are smaller in
scope compared to bread wheat, but this does not diminish their importance. Good grain quality
is essential for the grinding and food industry. Therefore, it is important that durum wheat is safe
to consume. Fumonisins are mycotoxins synthesized mainly by fungi of the genus Fusarium.
These toxins occur usually in maize and maize products, although their presence has also been
reported in other cereals such as wheat and barley. In a five years period, 2015-2019, durum
wheat samples were tested for the presence of fumonisin. Samples were collected from different
plots in the Zemun Polje. Each year, 10 randomly selected durum wheat grain samples were
tested. The grains were dried, ground and analyzed for the presence of fumonisin. The analysis
was performed by ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) using a kit for fumonisin,
Tecna, Italy. The highest concentrations of fumonisin were recorded in 2016 when the values
ranged 30.602-43.930 ppm. Medium concentrations (8.872-18.477 ppm) of synthesized
fumonisin were recorded in 2015, while in other years (2017, 2018 and 2019) fumonisins were
observed in low concentrations (0.024-6.124 ppm). Since previous analyzes have shown that
fumonisins are present in durum wheat every year, it is necessary to continue monitoring their
appearance in durum wheat, as well as in other small grains.
PB  - Banja Luka : University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture
C3  - 12. international scientific agriculture symposium "Agrosym 2021" - Book of abstracts
T1  - The overview on the fumonisins presence in durum wheat in Serbia during the period 2015-2019
SP  - 357
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1320
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Savić, Iva and Nikolić, Milica and Kandić, Vesna and Stevanovic, Milan and Stanković, Slavica",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Durum wheat is a cereal with high range of vitamins, minerals and other nutritional compounds
which are important in human nutrition. Durum wheat selection programs in Serbia are smaller in
scope compared to bread wheat, but this does not diminish their importance. Good grain quality
is essential for the grinding and food industry. Therefore, it is important that durum wheat is safe
to consume. Fumonisins are mycotoxins synthesized mainly by fungi of the genus Fusarium.
These toxins occur usually in maize and maize products, although their presence has also been
reported in other cereals such as wheat and barley. In a five years period, 2015-2019, durum
wheat samples were tested for the presence of fumonisin. Samples were collected from different
plots in the Zemun Polje. Each year, 10 randomly selected durum wheat grain samples were
tested. The grains were dried, ground and analyzed for the presence of fumonisin. The analysis
was performed by ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) using a kit for fumonisin,
Tecna, Italy. The highest concentrations of fumonisin were recorded in 2016 when the values
ranged 30.602-43.930 ppm. Medium concentrations (8.872-18.477 ppm) of synthesized
fumonisin were recorded in 2015, while in other years (2017, 2018 and 2019) fumonisins were
observed in low concentrations (0.024-6.124 ppm). Since previous analyzes have shown that
fumonisins are present in durum wheat every year, it is necessary to continue monitoring their
appearance in durum wheat, as well as in other small grains.",
publisher = "Banja Luka : University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture",
journal = "12. international scientific agriculture symposium "Agrosym 2021" - Book of abstracts",
title = "The overview on the fumonisins presence in durum wheat in Serbia during the period 2015-2019",
pages = "357",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1320"
}

Savić, I., Nikolić, M., Kandić, V., Stevanovic, M.,& Stanković, S.. (2021). The overview on the fumonisins presence in durum wheat in Serbia during the period 2015-2019. in 12. international scientific agriculture symposium "Agrosym 2021" - Book of abstracts
Banja Luka : University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture., 357.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1320

Savić I, Nikolić M, Kandić V, Stevanovic M, Stanković S. The overview on the fumonisins presence in durum wheat in Serbia during the period 2015-2019. in 12. international scientific agriculture symposium "Agrosym 2021" - Book of abstracts. 2021;:357.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1320 .

Savić, Iva, Nikolić, Milica, Kandić, Vesna, Stevanovic, Milan, Stanković, Slavica, "The overview on the fumonisins presence in durum wheat in Serbia during the period 2015-2019" in 12. international scientific agriculture symposium "Agrosym 2021" - Book of abstracts (2021):357,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1320 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Nikolić, Milica
AU  - Savić, Iva
AU  - Radotić, Ksenija
AU  - Krnjajić, Slobodan
AU  - Bartolić, Dragana
AU  - Stevanović, Milan
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/1312
AB  - The application of pesticides is an actual plant protection measure in agriculture that can have
adverse effects on people’s health and environments. A great attention is paid to the biological
fungicides. Performed studies indicate satisfactory results of activities of essential oils, which
furthermore point out to possibilities of their inclusion in crop protection programs. The aim of
this study was to determine antifungal, contact activity of essential oils of thyme (Thymus vulgaris
L.) and oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) on toxigenic fungal species Aspergillus flavus causing
maize kernel rot. The sterile filter paper was placed in the inner lead of Petri dish. Two, four, six,
eight and 10 µl of essential oils were pipetted on the paper, and then pure A. flavus cultures were
subcultured on PDA. After seven days in the dark at 25°C, the degree of inhibition was
determined by measuring the fungal growth and their comparison to the control. The fungus,
without addition of essential oils, was used as the control. The strongest antifungal activity was
expressed by thyme essential oil, which already at the amount of 2 µl completely inhibited the
mycelium growth. The identical effect was achieved with the amount of 4 µl. The greater amount
of essential oil the more progressive growth of the fungal colony (6 µl – 3 mm; 8 µl – 9 mm).
However, the mycelium growth at the amount of 10 µl of essential oil was only 1 mm. The
similar results were gained with oregano essential oil (2 µl – 3 mm; 4 µl – 7 mm; 6 µl – 9 mm; 8
µl – 9 mm; 10 – 6 mm). The fungal growth of control was 30 mm. The obtained results indicate
the significant potential of the application of thyme and oregano essential oils as possible natural
and environmentally friendly means for the protection of maize against A. flavus.
PB  - University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia
C3  - Book of Abstracts of the XII International Scientific Agriculture Symposium "Agrosym 2021"
T1  - Antifungal activity of essential oils on Aspergillus flavus originating from maize kernels
SP  - 362
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1312
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Nikolić, Milica and Savić, Iva and Radotić, Ksenija and Krnjajić, Slobodan and Bartolić, Dragana and Stevanović, Milan and Stanković, Slavica",
year = "2021",
abstract = "The application of pesticides is an actual plant protection measure in agriculture that can have
adverse effects on people’s health and environments. A great attention is paid to the biological
fungicides. Performed studies indicate satisfactory results of activities of essential oils, which
furthermore point out to possibilities of their inclusion in crop protection programs. The aim of
this study was to determine antifungal, contact activity of essential oils of thyme (Thymus vulgaris
L.) and oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) on toxigenic fungal species Aspergillus flavus causing
maize kernel rot. The sterile filter paper was placed in the inner lead of Petri dish. Two, four, six,
eight and 10 µl of essential oils were pipetted on the paper, and then pure A. flavus cultures were
subcultured on PDA. After seven days in the dark at 25°C, the degree of inhibition was
determined by measuring the fungal growth and their comparison to the control. The fungus,
without addition of essential oils, was used as the control. The strongest antifungal activity was
expressed by thyme essential oil, which already at the amount of 2 µl completely inhibited the
mycelium growth. The identical effect was achieved with the amount of 4 µl. The greater amount
of essential oil the more progressive growth of the fungal colony (6 µl – 3 mm; 8 µl – 9 mm).
However, the mycelium growth at the amount of 10 µl of essential oil was only 1 mm. The
similar results were gained with oregano essential oil (2 µl – 3 mm; 4 µl – 7 mm; 6 µl – 9 mm; 8
µl – 9 mm; 10 – 6 mm). The fungal growth of control was 30 mm. The obtained results indicate
the significant potential of the application of thyme and oregano essential oils as possible natural
and environmentally friendly means for the protection of maize against A. flavus.",
publisher = "University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia",
journal = "Book of Abstracts of the XII International Scientific Agriculture Symposium "Agrosym 2021"",
title = "Antifungal activity of essential oils on Aspergillus flavus originating from maize kernels",
pages = "362",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1312"
}

Nikolić, M., Savić, I., Radotić, K., Krnjajić, S., Bartolić, D., Stevanović, M.,& Stanković, S.. (2021). Antifungal activity of essential oils on Aspergillus flavus originating from maize kernels. in Book of Abstracts of the XII International Scientific Agriculture Symposium "Agrosym 2021"
University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia., 362.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1312

Nikolić M, Savić I, Radotić K, Krnjajić S, Bartolić D, Stevanović M, Stanković S. Antifungal activity of essential oils on Aspergillus flavus originating from maize kernels. in Book of Abstracts of the XII International Scientific Agriculture Symposium "Agrosym 2021". 2021;:362.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1312 .

Nikolić, Milica, Savić, Iva, Radotić, Ksenija, Krnjajić, Slobodan, Bartolić, Dragana, Stevanović, Milan, Stanković, Slavica, "Antifungal activity of essential oils on Aspergillus flavus originating from maize kernels" in Book of Abstracts of the XII International Scientific Agriculture Symposium "Agrosym 2021" (2021):362,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1312 .

TY  - GEN
AU  - Nikolić, Milica
AU  - Obradović, Ana
AU  - Savić, Iva
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/1314
AB  - In recent years, global climate variability and changes have affected agro climatic conditions, which have contributed to the spread of new fungal 
species in cereal grains in Serbia. These changes can affect the synthesis of 
higher concentrations of mycotoxins in cereal grains during the growing 
season and can cause economic losses in production, as well as increased 
risk to human and animal health. The following new species of the genera 
Fusarium and Aspergillus have been identified in cereal grains in Serbia: 
Fusarium vorosii in wheat, Fusarium boothii in maize, Fusarium 
verticillioides in triticale and wheat, as well as the species Aspergillus 
parasiticus in maize, wheat and barley. These species have been identified 
on the basis of morphological, pathogenic, toxicological and molecular 
methods. DNA isolation was performed using DNeasy Plant Mini Kit-a. 
Species F. vorosii and F. boothii were detected using three genomic regions 
(TEF−1α, histone H3 and β−tubulin) that were sequenced and obtained 
sequences were deposited in NCBI. A. parasiticus was detected by the RFLP 
method using a primer pair IGS-F/IGS-R specific for the IGS region of genes 
aflJ and aflR involved in the aflatoxin biosynthesis. A. parasiticus CBS 
100926 was used as a reference isolate. In order to prove the presence of the 
species F. verticillioides in triticale, a pair of primers FV-F2/FV-R was used. 
This pair of primers amplifies the sequence of the gaoB gene, and proved to 
be specific for the stated species. Moreover, for the same purpose, a pair of 
primers VER1-VER2 designed based on the calmodulin partial gene was 
used. The stated reasons, as well as the fact that new species of the Fg 
complex had been identified in the surrounding of Serbia, have indicated the 
need for continuous monitoring of these toxigenic species in the production 
of cereals.
PB  - Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje
T2  - The Frontiers of Science and Technology in Crop Breeding and Production Conference
T1  - Effects of climate change on mycopopulations on cereal grain in Serbia
SP  - 51
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1314
ER  - 

@misc{
author = "Nikolić, Milica and Obradović, Ana and Savić, Iva and Stanković, Slavica",
year = "2021",
abstract = "In recent years, global climate variability and changes have affected agro climatic conditions, which have contributed to the spread of new fungal 
species in cereal grains in Serbia. These changes can affect the synthesis of 
higher concentrations of mycotoxins in cereal grains during the growing 
season and can cause economic losses in production, as well as increased 
risk to human and animal health. The following new species of the genera 
Fusarium and Aspergillus have been identified in cereal grains in Serbia: 
Fusarium vorosii in wheat, Fusarium boothii in maize, Fusarium 
verticillioides in triticale and wheat, as well as the species Aspergillus 
parasiticus in maize, wheat and barley. These species have been identified 
on the basis of morphological, pathogenic, toxicological and molecular 
methods. DNA isolation was performed using DNeasy Plant Mini Kit-a. 
Species F. vorosii and F. boothii were detected using three genomic regions 
(TEF−1α, histone H3 and β−tubulin) that were sequenced and obtained 
sequences were deposited in NCBI. A. parasiticus was detected by the RFLP 
method using a primer pair IGS-F/IGS-R specific for the IGS region of genes 
aflJ and aflR involved in the aflatoxin biosynthesis. A. parasiticus CBS 
100926 was used as a reference isolate. In order to prove the presence of the 
species F. verticillioides in triticale, a pair of primers FV-F2/FV-R was used. 
This pair of primers amplifies the sequence of the gaoB gene, and proved to 
be specific for the stated species. Moreover, for the same purpose, a pair of 
primers VER1-VER2 designed based on the calmodulin partial gene was 
used. The stated reasons, as well as the fact that new species of the Fg 
complex had been identified in the surrounding of Serbia, have indicated the 
need for continuous monitoring of these toxigenic species in the production 
of cereals.",
publisher = "Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje",
journal = "The Frontiers of Science and Technology in Crop Breeding and Production Conference",
title = "Effects of climate change on mycopopulations on cereal grain in Serbia",
pages = "51",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1314"
}

Nikolić, M., Obradović, A., Savić, I.,& Stanković, S.. (2021). Effects of climate change on mycopopulations on cereal grain in Serbia. in The Frontiers of Science and Technology in Crop Breeding and Production Conference
Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje., 51.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1314

Nikolić M, Obradović A, Savić I, Stanković S. Effects of climate change on mycopopulations on cereal grain in Serbia. in The Frontiers of Science and Technology in Crop Breeding and Production Conference. 2021;:51.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1314 .

Nikolić, Milica, Obradović, Ana, Savić, Iva, Stanković, Slavica, "Effects of climate change on mycopopulations on cereal grain in Serbia" in The Frontiers of Science and Technology in Crop Breeding and Production Conference (2021):51,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1314 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolić, Milica
AU  - Savić, Iva
AU  - Nikolić, Ana
AU  - Jauković, Marko
AU  - Kandić, Vesna
AU  - Stevanović, Milan
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/836
AB  - In Serbia, aspergillus ear rot caused by the disease pathogen Aspergillus parasiticus
(A. parasiticus) was first detected in 2012 under both field and storage conditions. Global climate
shifts, primarily warming, favour the contamination of maize with aflatoxins in temperate climates,
including Serbia. A five-year study (2012–2016) comprising of 46 A. parasiticus strains isolated from
maize kernels was performed to observe the morphological, molecular, pathogenic, and toxigenic
traits of this pathogen. The HPLC method was applied to evaluate mycotoxin concentrations in this
causal agent. The A. parasiticus isolates synthesised mainly aflatoxin AFB1 (84.78%). The percentage
of isolates synthesising aflatoxin AFG1 (15.22%) was considerably lower. Furthermore, the concen-
tration of AFG1 was higher than that of AFB1 in eight isolates. The polyphase approach, used to
characterise isolates, showed that they were A. parasiticus species. This identification was verified by
the multiplex RLFP-PCR detection method with the use of restriction enzymes. These results form an
excellent baseline for further studies with the aim of application in the production, processing, and
storage of cereal grains and seeds, and in technological processes to ensure the safe production of
food and feed.
PB  - Basel : Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
T2  - Toxins
T1  - Toxigenic species Aspergillus parasiticus originating from Maize Kernels grown in Serbia
VL  - 13
SP  - 847
DO  - 10.3390/toxins13120847
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolić, Milica and Savić, Iva and Nikolić, Ana and Jauković, Marko and Kandić, Vesna and Stevanović, Milan and Stanković, Slavica",
year = "2021",
abstract = "In Serbia, aspergillus ear rot caused by the disease pathogen Aspergillus parasiticus
(A. parasiticus) was first detected in 2012 under both field and storage conditions. Global climate
shifts, primarily warming, favour the contamination of maize with aflatoxins in temperate climates,
including Serbia. A five-year study (2012–2016) comprising of 46 A. parasiticus strains isolated from
maize kernels was performed to observe the morphological, molecular, pathogenic, and toxigenic
traits of this pathogen. The HPLC method was applied to evaluate mycotoxin concentrations in this
causal agent. The A. parasiticus isolates synthesised mainly aflatoxin AFB1 (84.78%). The percentage
of isolates synthesising aflatoxin AFG1 (15.22%) was considerably lower. Furthermore, the concen-
tration of AFG1 was higher than that of AFB1 in eight isolates. The polyphase approach, used to
characterise isolates, showed that they were A. parasiticus species. This identification was verified by
the multiplex RLFP-PCR detection method with the use of restriction enzymes. These results form an
excellent baseline for further studies with the aim of application in the production, processing, and
storage of cereal grains and seeds, and in technological processes to ensure the safe production of
food and feed.",
publisher = "Basel : Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",
journal = "Toxins",
title = "Toxigenic species Aspergillus parasiticus originating from Maize Kernels grown in Serbia",
volume = "13",
pages = "847",
doi = "10.3390/toxins13120847"
}

Nikolić, M., Savić, I., Nikolić, A., Jauković, M., Kandić, V., Stevanović, M.,& Stanković, S.. (2021). Toxigenic species Aspergillus parasiticus originating from Maize Kernels grown in Serbia. in Toxins
Basel : Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)., 13, 847.
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13120847

Nikolić M, Savić I, Nikolić A, Jauković M, Kandić V, Stevanović M, Stanković S. Toxigenic species Aspergillus parasiticus originating from Maize Kernels grown in Serbia. in Toxins. 2021;13:847.
doi:10.3390/toxins13120847 .

Nikolić, Milica, Savić, Iva, Nikolić, Ana, Jauković, Marko, Kandić, Vesna, Stevanović, Milan, Stanković, Slavica, "Toxigenic species Aspergillus parasiticus originating from Maize Kernels grown in Serbia" in Toxins, 13 (2021):847,
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13120847 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolić, Milica
AU  - Srdić, Jelena
AU  - Savić, Iva
AU  - Žilić, Slađana
AU  - Stevanović, Milan
AU  - Kandić, Vesna
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/833
AB  - The objective of the present study was to investigate the susceptibility of maize hybrids to the
natural mycotoxins contamination: aflatoxin total (AFLA), deoxynivalenol (DON),
zearalenon (ZEA) and fumonisins (FB). Hybrids were grown during two production years
(2019 and 2020) in two locations. Mycotoxin contamination of maize grains was evaluated in
five sweet maize hybrids. Contamination level of investigated hybrids of first cluster was
mainly by below average values of ZEA (all equal to zero) and DON. Hybrids PK4 (S) 2020,
PK6 (MS) 2020 and PK4 (MS) 2020 had below average values for AFLA, while remaining
treatments of this cluster have mostly elevated values of this mycotoxin. Contamination level
of investigated hybrids of second cluster mostly had increased values of mycotoxins ZEA
and DON and below average values of AFLA. Samples did not contain fumonisins.
Mycotoxin contamination were significantly affected by hybrids and years. We have
established that DON and ZEA levels were influenced by the environmental conditions.
There were no significant effects of location on the level of AFLA in the sweet maize
hybrids. The variation in the properties of mycotoxin content (DON) was significantly
influenced by hybrids, and there was no significance of hybrids x location interaction.
Differences were more expressed for the content of ZEA and AFLA compared to the content
of DON. Hybrid PK1 had the lowest content of DON, while it had the highest content of
ZEA. Mycotoxin analyses showed that in all tested hybrids, levels of AFLA, DON, ZEA and
FBs were below the maximum permissible levels stipulated by the legislation of the
European Union and the Republic of Serbia in maize intended for direct human consumption.
These results confirmed that the susceptibility of hybrids is one of the important risks, in addition to climatic factors, for the appearance of toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins.
Genotype tolerance is very important as a preventive measure, which indicates that breeders
have to pay attention to it in sweet maize breeding programs.
AB  - Cilj ovog rada bio je da se prouči osteljivost hibrida kukuruza na prirodnu kontaminaciju
mikotoksinima (aflatoksin B1 (AFB1), deoksnivalenol (DON), zearalenol (ZEA) i fumonizini
(FB)). Hibrdi su gajeni tokom dve proizvodne godine (2019. i 2020) u dve lokacije.
Kontaminacija zrna kukuruza mikotoksinima ispitivana je na pet hibrida kukuruza šećerca. Nivo
kontaminacije proučavanih hibrida prvog klastera bio je uglavnom ispod prosečnih vrednosti
ZEA (sve vrednosti su bile nula) i DON. Vrednosti AFLA kod hibrida PK4 (S) 2020, PK6 (MS)
2020 i PK4 (MS) 2020 su bile ispod prosečne vrednosti, dok su vrednosti ovog mikotoksina bile
više od prosečnih vrednosti za ostale tretmane ovog klastera. Nivoi kontaminacije proučavanih
hibrida drugog klastera su uglavnom bili viši za mikotoksine ZEA i DON i niži za AFLA.
Fumnonizni nisu utrvđreni u uzorcima. Na kontaminaciju mikotoksinima značajno su uticali
hibiridi i godine. Utvrđeno je da su uslovi sredine uticali na nivoe DON i ZEA. Lokacija nije
značajno uticala na nivo AFLA kod hibrida kukuruza šećerca. Hibridi su značajno uticali na
variranje sadržaja mikotoksina (DON), dok hibrid × lokacija interakcija nije bila značajna.
Razlike su bile izraženije za sadržaj ZEA i ALFA nego za sadržaj DON. Najniži sadržaj DON
utvrđen je kod hibrida PK1, kod koga je sadržaj ZEA bio najviši. Analize mikotoksina pokazuju
da su nivoi AFLA, DON, ZEA i FB u svim ispitivanim hibridima bili ispod maksimalno
dozvoljenih nivoa koji su propisani zankonima Evropske Unije i Republike Srbije za kukuruz
koji je namenjen za direktnu ljudsku konzumaciju. Ovi rezultati potvrđuju da je osetljivost
hibrida jedan od važnih rizika pored klimatskih faktora za pojavu toksigenih gljiva i njihovih
mikotoksima. Tolerantnost genotipa je veoma važna preventivna mera, na koju oplemenjivači
moraju da obrate pažnju u programima oplemenjivanja kukuruza šećerca.
PB  - Belgrade : Serbian Genetics Society
T2  - Genetika
T1  - The occurrence of mycotoxins in sweet maize hybrids
VL  - 53
IS  - 3
SP  - 1311
EP  - 1320
DO  - 10.2298/GENSR2103311N
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolić, Milica and Srdić, Jelena and Savić, Iva and Žilić, Slađana and Stevanović, Milan and Kandić, Vesna and Stanković, Slavica",
year = "2021",
abstract = "The objective of the present study was to investigate the susceptibility of maize hybrids to the
natural mycotoxins contamination: aflatoxin total (AFLA), deoxynivalenol (DON),
zearalenon (ZEA) and fumonisins (FB). Hybrids were grown during two production years
(2019 and 2020) in two locations. Mycotoxin contamination of maize grains was evaluated in
five sweet maize hybrids. Contamination level of investigated hybrids of first cluster was
mainly by below average values of ZEA (all equal to zero) and DON. Hybrids PK4 (S) 2020,
PK6 (MS) 2020 and PK4 (MS) 2020 had below average values for AFLA, while remaining
treatments of this cluster have mostly elevated values of this mycotoxin. Contamination level
of investigated hybrids of second cluster mostly had increased values of mycotoxins ZEA
and DON and below average values of AFLA. Samples did not contain fumonisins.
Mycotoxin contamination were significantly affected by hybrids and years. We have
established that DON and ZEA levels were influenced by the environmental conditions.
There were no significant effects of location on the level of AFLA in the sweet maize
hybrids. The variation in the properties of mycotoxin content (DON) was significantly
influenced by hybrids, and there was no significance of hybrids x location interaction.
Differences were more expressed for the content of ZEA and AFLA compared to the content
of DON. Hybrid PK1 had the lowest content of DON, while it had the highest content of
ZEA. Mycotoxin analyses showed that in all tested hybrids, levels of AFLA, DON, ZEA and
FBs were below the maximum permissible levels stipulated by the legislation of the
European Union and the Republic of Serbia in maize intended for direct human consumption.
These results confirmed that the susceptibility of hybrids is one of the important risks, in addition to climatic factors, for the appearance of toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins.
Genotype tolerance is very important as a preventive measure, which indicates that breeders
have to pay attention to it in sweet maize breeding programs., Cilj ovog rada bio je da se prouči osteljivost hibrida kukuruza na prirodnu kontaminaciju
mikotoksinima (aflatoksin B1 (AFB1), deoksnivalenol (DON), zearalenol (ZEA) i fumonizini
(FB)). Hibrdi su gajeni tokom dve proizvodne godine (2019. i 2020) u dve lokacije.
Kontaminacija zrna kukuruza mikotoksinima ispitivana je na pet hibrida kukuruza šećerca. Nivo
kontaminacije proučavanih hibrida prvog klastera bio je uglavnom ispod prosečnih vrednosti
ZEA (sve vrednosti su bile nula) i DON. Vrednosti AFLA kod hibrida PK4 (S) 2020, PK6 (MS)
2020 i PK4 (MS) 2020 su bile ispod prosečne vrednosti, dok su vrednosti ovog mikotoksina bile
više od prosečnih vrednosti za ostale tretmane ovog klastera. Nivoi kontaminacije proučavanih
hibrida drugog klastera su uglavnom bili viši za mikotoksine ZEA i DON i niži za AFLA.
Fumnonizni nisu utrvđreni u uzorcima. Na kontaminaciju mikotoksinima značajno su uticali
hibiridi i godine. Utvrđeno je da su uslovi sredine uticali na nivoe DON i ZEA. Lokacija nije
značajno uticala na nivo AFLA kod hibrida kukuruza šećerca. Hibridi su značajno uticali na
variranje sadržaja mikotoksina (DON), dok hibrid × lokacija interakcija nije bila značajna.
Razlike su bile izraženije za sadržaj ZEA i ALFA nego za sadržaj DON. Najniži sadržaj DON
utvrđen je kod hibrida PK1, kod koga je sadržaj ZEA bio najviši. Analize mikotoksina pokazuju
da su nivoi AFLA, DON, ZEA i FB u svim ispitivanim hibridima bili ispod maksimalno
dozvoljenih nivoa koji su propisani zankonima Evropske Unije i Republike Srbije za kukuruz
koji je namenjen za direktnu ljudsku konzumaciju. Ovi rezultati potvrđuju da je osetljivost
hibrida jedan od važnih rizika pored klimatskih faktora za pojavu toksigenih gljiva i njihovih
mikotoksima. Tolerantnost genotipa je veoma važna preventivna mera, na koju oplemenjivači
moraju da obrate pažnju u programima oplemenjivanja kukuruza šećerca.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Serbian Genetics Society",
journal = "Genetika",
title = "The occurrence of mycotoxins in sweet maize hybrids",
volume = "53",
number = "3",
pages = "1311-1320",
doi = "10.2298/GENSR2103311N"
}

Nikolić, M., Srdić, J., Savić, I., Žilić, S., Stevanović, M., Kandić, V.,& Stanković, S.. (2021). The occurrence of mycotoxins in sweet maize hybrids. in Genetika
Belgrade : Serbian Genetics Society., 53(3), 1311-1320.
https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2103311N

Nikolić M, Srdić J, Savić I, Žilić S, Stevanović M, Kandić V, Stanković S. The occurrence of mycotoxins in sweet maize hybrids. in Genetika. 2021;53(3):1311-1320.
doi:10.2298/GENSR2103311N .

Nikolić, Milica, Srdić, Jelena, Savić, Iva, Žilić, Slađana, Stevanović, Milan, Kandić, Vesna, Stanković, Slavica, "The occurrence of mycotoxins in sweet maize hybrids" in Genetika, 53, no. 3 (2021):1311-1320,
https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2103311N . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Savić, Iva
AU  - Nikolić, Milica
AU  - Vico, Ivana
AU  - Mladenović Drinić, Snežana
AU  - Duduk, Natasa
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/830
AB  - During the 2014-2017 period, wheat samples were collected from discoloured spikes affected by Fusarium head blight (FHB) from 20 locations in Serbia. After isolation, fungi were cultivated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25oC for 7 days. Based on the in situ identification on PDA, 36 isolates of the section Liseola were selected for further analyses. The pathogenicity of all isolates was confirmed on wheat leaves. The virulence of isolates was determined by measuring the lengths of spots formed at the inoculation leaf site. In order to prove the presence of the species Fusarium verticillioides, a pair of primers FV-F2/FV-R was used. This pair of primers amplifies the sequence of the gaoB gene, and it proved to be specific for the stated species. Moreover, for the same purpose, a pair of primers VER1-VER2 based on the calmodulin partial gene was used. The reference isolate RBG 1603 Q27 was used as a positive control. The pair of primers VER1-VER2 produced a band of the expected size - 578 bp in 18 isolates, while using FV-F2/FV-R, a 370bp long band confirmed the presence of F. verticillioides in 16 samples. Sixteen out of 18 isolates verified with VER1-VER2 were also identified as F. verticillioides with FV-FS/FV-R. No amplification was observed in a negative control.
AB  - Tokom perioda od 2014. do 2017. godine sakupljani su uzorci pšenice sa fuzarioznih klasova sa 20 lokacija u Srbiji. Nakon izolacije, gljive su gajene na KDA podlozi 7 dana u termostatu na temperaturi od 25oC. Na osnovu identifikacije in situ na KDA (krompir dekstrozni agar), 36 izolata sekcije Liseola odabrano je za dalje analize. Potvrđena je patogenost svih izolata na listovima pšenice. Virulentnost izolata utvrđena je merenjem dužina formirane pege na mestu inokulacije. Za dokazivanje prisustva vrste Fusarium verticillioides korišćen je par prajmera FV-F2/FV-R koji umnožava sekvence gaoB gena i koji se pokazao kao specifičan za navedenu vrstu. Takođe, sa istim ciljem korišćen je par prajmera VER1-VER2 dizajniran na osnovu dela genske sekvence za kalmodulin. Kao pozitivna kontrola korišćen je referentni izolat RBG 1603 Q27. Par prajmera VER1-VER2 obrazovao je traku očekivane veličine (578bp) kod 18 izolata, dok je pomoću para prajmera FV-F2/FV-R traka dužine 370bp potvrdila prisustvo F. verticillioides kod 16 izolata. Šesnaest od 18 izolata koji su identifikovani VER1-VER2 parom, takođe su identifikovani i FV-FS/FV-R prajmerima. U negativnoj kontroli nije bilo amplifikacije.
PB  - Beograd : Društvo genetičara Srbija
T2  - Genetika
T1  - The morfological and molecular identification of Fusarium verticillioides causing fusariosis on wheat grain
VL  - 53
IS  - 2
SP  - 641
EP  - 649
DO  - 10.2298/GENSR2102641S
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Savić, Iva and Nikolić, Milica and Vico, Ivana and Mladenović Drinić, Snežana and Duduk, Natasa and Stanković, Slavica",
year = "2021",
abstract = "During the 2014-2017 period, wheat samples were collected from discoloured spikes affected by Fusarium head blight (FHB) from 20 locations in Serbia. After isolation, fungi were cultivated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25oC for 7 days. Based on the in situ identification on PDA, 36 isolates of the section Liseola were selected for further analyses. The pathogenicity of all isolates was confirmed on wheat leaves. The virulence of isolates was determined by measuring the lengths of spots formed at the inoculation leaf site. In order to prove the presence of the species Fusarium verticillioides, a pair of primers FV-F2/FV-R was used. This pair of primers amplifies the sequence of the gaoB gene, and it proved to be specific for the stated species. Moreover, for the same purpose, a pair of primers VER1-VER2 based on the calmodulin partial gene was used. The reference isolate RBG 1603 Q27 was used as a positive control. The pair of primers VER1-VER2 produced a band of the expected size - 578 bp in 18 isolates, while using FV-F2/FV-R, a 370bp long band confirmed the presence of F. verticillioides in 16 samples. Sixteen out of 18 isolates verified with VER1-VER2 were also identified as F. verticillioides with FV-FS/FV-R. No amplification was observed in a negative control., Tokom perioda od 2014. do 2017. godine sakupljani su uzorci pšenice sa fuzarioznih klasova sa 20 lokacija u Srbiji. Nakon izolacije, gljive su gajene na KDA podlozi 7 dana u termostatu na temperaturi od 25oC. Na osnovu identifikacije in situ na KDA (krompir dekstrozni agar), 36 izolata sekcije Liseola odabrano je za dalje analize. Potvrđena je patogenost svih izolata na listovima pšenice. Virulentnost izolata utvrđena je merenjem dužina formirane pege na mestu inokulacije. Za dokazivanje prisustva vrste Fusarium verticillioides korišćen je par prajmera FV-F2/FV-R koji umnožava sekvence gaoB gena i koji se pokazao kao specifičan za navedenu vrstu. Takođe, sa istim ciljem korišćen je par prajmera VER1-VER2 dizajniran na osnovu dela genske sekvence za kalmodulin. Kao pozitivna kontrola korišćen je referentni izolat RBG 1603 Q27. Par prajmera VER1-VER2 obrazovao je traku očekivane veličine (578bp) kod 18 izolata, dok je pomoću para prajmera FV-F2/FV-R traka dužine 370bp potvrdila prisustvo F. verticillioides kod 16 izolata. Šesnaest od 18 izolata koji su identifikovani VER1-VER2 parom, takođe su identifikovani i FV-FS/FV-R prajmerima. U negativnoj kontroli nije bilo amplifikacije.",
publisher = "Beograd : Društvo genetičara Srbija",
journal = "Genetika",
title = "The morfological and molecular identification of Fusarium verticillioides causing fusariosis on wheat grain",
volume = "53",
number = "2",
pages = "641-649",
doi = "10.2298/GENSR2102641S"
}

Savić, I., Nikolić, M., Vico, I., Mladenović Drinić, S., Duduk, N.,& Stanković, S.. (2021). The morfological and molecular identification of Fusarium verticillioides causing fusariosis on wheat grain. in Genetika
Beograd : Društvo genetičara Srbija., 53(2), 641-649.
https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102641S

Savić I, Nikolić M, Vico I, Mladenović Drinić S, Duduk N, Stanković S. The morfological and molecular identification of Fusarium verticillioides causing fusariosis on wheat grain. in Genetika. 2021;53(2):641-649.
doi:10.2298/GENSR2102641S .

Savić, Iva, Nikolić, Milica, Vico, Ivana, Mladenović Drinić, Snežana, Duduk, Natasa, Stanković, Slavica, "The morfological and molecular identification of Fusarium verticillioides causing fusariosis on wheat grain" in Genetika, 53, no. 2 (2021):641-649,
https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR2102641S . .

Savić, I., Nikolić, M., Kandić, V., Dodig, D., Obradović, A., Ristic, D.,& Stanković, S.. (2020). Determination of the fumonisins content in different small grains. in 9. international symposium on agricultural sciences - AgroRes 2020 - Book of abstracts
Banja Luka : University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture., 36.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1318

Savić I, Nikolić M, Kandić V, Dodig D, Obradović A, Ristic D, Stanković S. Determination of the fumonisins content in different small grains. in 9. international symposium on agricultural sciences - AgroRes 2020 - Book of abstracts. 2020;:36.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1318 .

Savić, Iva, Nikolić, Milica, Kandić, Vesna, Dodig, Dejan, Obradović, Ana, Ristic, Danijela, Stanković, Slavica, "Determination of the fumonisins content in different small grains" in 9. international symposium on agricultural sciences - AgroRes 2020 - Book of abstracts (2020):36,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1318 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Savić, Iva
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
AU  - Nikolić, Milica
AU  - Kandić, Vesna
AU  - Jauković, Marko
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/1316
AB  - The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins 
in the durum wheat spikes. Their occurrence was observed in the location of Zemun Polje 
during two production years (2018 and 2019). Samples of two different durum wheat varieties 
were drawn from several plots and surface-sterilised (solution of diluted bleach and water in 
the ratio 1:3). Kernels were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) in Petri dishes. One 
hundred kernels were taken from each sample (10 dishes with 10 kernels). After the 7-day 
growth in the thermostat at the temperature of 25oC, the identification of pathogens was 
initiated. The following genera of fungi were established in 2018 samples: Alternaria (52.7% 
of the total number of kernels), Fusarium (34.16%), Aspergillus (5.88%), Nigrospora (4.5%), 
Acremoniella (1.25%), and others (1.51%). During 2019, the highest percentage (62.6%) of 
identified fungi belonged to the genus Fusarium, and then to genera Alternaria (29.3 %),
Epicoccum (2.8%), Aspergillus (1.7%), and others (3.6%). The drawn samples were used to 
perform the analysis of mycotoxins for the presence of fumonisins and aflatoxins. The ELISA 
was applied in this analysis. The results obtained from 2018 samples showed low values for 
fumonisin. The values of synthesised fumonisin ranged from 0.214 to 1.316 ppm, but the 
values of synthesised aflatoxin were much higher and ranged from 6.052 to 15.728 ppb. The 
values of synthesised fumonisin were little higher in 2019 (1.066 - 4.652 ppm), but the values 
of aflatoxin were lower than year before (0-2.334 ppb).
PB  - East Sarajevo : Faculty of agriculture
C3  - Book of Abstracts of the XI International Scientific Agriculture Symposium "Agrosym 2020"
T1  - The presence of toxigenic genera of fungi and their mycotoxins in durum wheat in Serbia during 2018 and 2019
SP  - 262
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1316
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Savić, Iva and Stanković, Slavica and Nikolić, Milica and Kandić, Vesna and Jauković, Marko",
year = "2020",
abstract = "The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins 
in the durum wheat spikes. Their occurrence was observed in the location of Zemun Polje 
during two production years (2018 and 2019). Samples of two different durum wheat varieties 
were drawn from several plots and surface-sterilised (solution of diluted bleach and water in 
the ratio 1:3). Kernels were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) in Petri dishes. One 
hundred kernels were taken from each sample (10 dishes with 10 kernels). After the 7-day 
growth in the thermostat at the temperature of 25oC, the identification of pathogens was 
initiated. The following genera of fungi were established in 2018 samples: Alternaria (52.7% 
of the total number of kernels), Fusarium (34.16%), Aspergillus (5.88%), Nigrospora (4.5%), 
Acremoniella (1.25%), and others (1.51%). During 2019, the highest percentage (62.6%) of 
identified fungi belonged to the genus Fusarium, and then to genera Alternaria (29.3 %),
Epicoccum (2.8%), Aspergillus (1.7%), and others (3.6%). The drawn samples were used to 
perform the analysis of mycotoxins for the presence of fumonisins and aflatoxins. The ELISA 
was applied in this analysis. The results obtained from 2018 samples showed low values for 
fumonisin. The values of synthesised fumonisin ranged from 0.214 to 1.316 ppm, but the 
values of synthesised aflatoxin were much higher and ranged from 6.052 to 15.728 ppb. The 
values of synthesised fumonisin were little higher in 2019 (1.066 - 4.652 ppm), but the values 
of aflatoxin were lower than year before (0-2.334 ppb).",
publisher = "East Sarajevo : Faculty of agriculture",
journal = "Book of Abstracts of the XI International Scientific Agriculture Symposium "Agrosym 2020"",
title = "The presence of toxigenic genera of fungi and their mycotoxins in durum wheat in Serbia during 2018 and 2019",
pages = "262",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1316"
}

Savić, I., Stanković, S., Nikolić, M., Kandić, V.,& Jauković, M.. (2020). The presence of toxigenic genera of fungi and their mycotoxins in durum wheat in Serbia during 2018 and 2019. in Book of Abstracts of the XI International Scientific Agriculture Symposium "Agrosym 2020"
East Sarajevo : Faculty of agriculture., 262.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1316

Savić I, Stanković S, Nikolić M, Kandić V, Jauković M. The presence of toxigenic genera of fungi and their mycotoxins in durum wheat in Serbia during 2018 and 2019. in Book of Abstracts of the XI International Scientific Agriculture Symposium "Agrosym 2020". 2020;:262.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1316 .

Savić, Iva, Stanković, Slavica, Nikolić, Milica, Kandić, Vesna, Jauković, Marko, "The presence of toxigenic genera of fungi and their mycotoxins in durum wheat in Serbia during 2018 and 2019" in Book of Abstracts of the XI International Scientific Agriculture Symposium "Agrosym 2020" (2020):262,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1316 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jauković, Marko
AU  - Nikolić, Milica
AU  - Savić, Iva
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/1302
AB  - Animal welfare continues to be an important issue in the whole world. Therefore the
production of safe feed remains one of the most important tasks because the consumption of
contaminated feeds by livestock has been associated with a variety of adverse health effects
including feed refusal, reduced weight gain, diarrhoea and emesis. Wheat bran, a by-product
of the dry milling of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) into flour, is one of the major
agro-industrial by-products used in animal feeding. In addition, wheat bran can also been used
in human diet as a source of fiber in the preparation of high-fiber pasta, noodles etc.
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of several mycotoxins produced by certain Fusarium species
that frequently infect wheat, corn, rice, oats, barley and other grains in the field or during
storage. In this study, a total of 72 samples of wheat bran were collected from several
producers from Serbia in the period 2019-2020. The samples were analysed for
deoxynivalenol (DON) content by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Ridascreen®
Fast DON SC. The occurrence of DON in the tested samples was 100%, with
average concentration 2.79 mg kg-1 and maximum DON content of 9.12 mg kg-1
. These
results suggest very high level of DON concentration in all tested samples. The limit of 8.00
mg kg-1 imposed by Serbian legislation for DON content in feed was exceeded in two studied
samples. However, only fourteen of them (19%) would be suitable for human consumption,
due to a much lower allowed limit (0.75 mg kg-1
), which raises a risk for consumers.
PB  - East Sarajevo : Faculty of Agriculture
T2  - 11. international scientific agriculture symposium "AGROSYM 2020", Jahorina, October 8-9, 2020. - Book of Proceedings
T1  - Occurence of deoxynivalenol in wheat bran in serbia during 2019-2020
SP  - 547
EP  - 550
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1302
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Jauković, Marko and Nikolić, Milica and Savić, Iva",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Animal welfare continues to be an important issue in the whole world. Therefore the
production of safe feed remains one of the most important tasks because the consumption of
contaminated feeds by livestock has been associated with a variety of adverse health effects
including feed refusal, reduced weight gain, diarrhoea and emesis. Wheat bran, a by-product
of the dry milling of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) into flour, is one of the major
agro-industrial by-products used in animal feeding. In addition, wheat bran can also been used
in human diet as a source of fiber in the preparation of high-fiber pasta, noodles etc.
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of several mycotoxins produced by certain Fusarium species
that frequently infect wheat, corn, rice, oats, barley and other grains in the field or during
storage. In this study, a total of 72 samples of wheat bran were collected from several
producers from Serbia in the period 2019-2020. The samples were analysed for
deoxynivalenol (DON) content by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Ridascreen®
Fast DON SC. The occurrence of DON in the tested samples was 100%, with
average concentration 2.79 mg kg-1 and maximum DON content of 9.12 mg kg-1
. These
results suggest very high level of DON concentration in all tested samples. The limit of 8.00
mg kg-1 imposed by Serbian legislation for DON content in feed was exceeded in two studied
samples. However, only fourteen of them (19%) would be suitable for human consumption,
due to a much lower allowed limit (0.75 mg kg-1
), which raises a risk for consumers.",
publisher = "East Sarajevo : Faculty of Agriculture",
journal = "11. international scientific agriculture symposium "AGROSYM 2020", Jahorina, October 8-9, 2020. - Book of Proceedings",
title = "Occurence of deoxynivalenol in wheat bran in serbia during 2019-2020",
pages = "547-550",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1302"
}

Jauković, M., Nikolić, M.,& Savić, I.. (2020). Occurence of deoxynivalenol in wheat bran in serbia during 2019-2020. in 11. international scientific agriculture symposium "AGROSYM 2020", Jahorina, October 8-9, 2020. - Book of Proceedings
East Sarajevo : Faculty of Agriculture., 547-550.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1302

Jauković M, Nikolić M, Savić I. Occurence of deoxynivalenol in wheat bran in serbia during 2019-2020. in 11. international scientific agriculture symposium "AGROSYM 2020", Jahorina, October 8-9, 2020. - Book of Proceedings. 2020;:547-550.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1302 .

Jauković, Marko, Nikolić, Milica, Savić, Iva, "Occurence of deoxynivalenol in wheat bran in serbia during 2019-2020" in 11. international scientific agriculture symposium "AGROSYM 2020", Jahorina, October 8-9, 2020. - Book of Proceedings (2020):547-550,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1302 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Ristić, Danijela
AU  - Kostadinović, Marija
AU  - Kravić, Natalija
AU  - Kovinčić, Anika
AU  - Stevanović, Milan
AU  - Savić, Iva
AU  - Nikolić, Milica
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/977
AB  - Morphological traits are the earliest used markers in germplasm characterization, but their application may be difficult due to the presence of recessive homozygous alleles and their low frequency. Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers are widely used for estimation of genetic diversity within different species, due to their reproducibility, informativeness co-dominant and multi-allelic nature. They are also most effective for evaluation and selection of plant material, as well as assessment of genetic variability and relatedness of maize inbred lines. The aim of our work was to evaluate genetic diversity of maize inbred lines by SSR markers and compare results with their pedigre information. Seventeen polymorphic SSR markers were used to characterized 23 maize inbred lines that belong to diferent breeding programs. A total number of detected alleles was 78 and varied between two to nine, with an average of 4.6 alleles per marker. Based on presence or absence of alleles in each sample coefficient of similarity was calculated by Jaccard in NTSYSpc2 program package, version 2.1. The highest value (0.88) of genetic similarity was calculated between L21 and L22, while the lowest value (0.18) was found between inbred lines L3/L16 and L15/L20. Genetic similarity matrix was used to construct dendrogram by UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) method. Dendrogram analysis grouped maize inbred lines in one large cluster with 21 analyzed genotypes and one smaller cluster with two lines. Genetic heterogeneity betweean inbred lines detected by selected set of SSR markers, makes them a good choice for genetic diversity analysis and planning maize breeding programs.
C3  - 9. International symposium on agricultural sciences "AgroReS 2020", 24.09.2020., Banja Luka, B i H – Book of Abstracts
T1  - Genetic diversity of maize inbred lines assessed by SSR markers
SP  - 42
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_977
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Ristić, Danijela and Kostadinović, Marija and Kravić, Natalija and Kovinčić, Anika and Stevanović, Milan and Savić, Iva and Nikolić, Milica",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Morphological traits are the earliest used markers in germplasm characterization, but their application may be difficult due to the presence of recessive homozygous alleles and their low frequency. Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers are widely used for estimation of genetic diversity within different species, due to their reproducibility, informativeness co-dominant and multi-allelic nature. They are also most effective for evaluation and selection of plant material, as well as assessment of genetic variability and relatedness of maize inbred lines. The aim of our work was to evaluate genetic diversity of maize inbred lines by SSR markers and compare results with their pedigre information. Seventeen polymorphic SSR markers were used to characterized 23 maize inbred lines that belong to diferent breeding programs. A total number of detected alleles was 78 and varied between two to nine, with an average of 4.6 alleles per marker. Based on presence or absence of alleles in each sample coefficient of similarity was calculated by Jaccard in NTSYSpc2 program package, version 2.1. The highest value (0.88) of genetic similarity was calculated between L21 and L22, while the lowest value (0.18) was found between inbred lines L3/L16 and L15/L20. Genetic similarity matrix was used to construct dendrogram by UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) method. Dendrogram analysis grouped maize inbred lines in one large cluster with 21 analyzed genotypes and one smaller cluster with two lines. Genetic heterogeneity betweean inbred lines detected by selected set of SSR markers, makes them a good choice for genetic diversity analysis and planning maize breeding programs.",
journal = "9. International symposium on agricultural sciences "AgroReS 2020", 24.09.2020., Banja Luka, B i H – Book of Abstracts",
title = "Genetic diversity of maize inbred lines assessed by SSR markers",
pages = "42",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_977"
}

Ristić, D., Kostadinović, M., Kravić, N., Kovinčić, A., Stevanović, M., Savić, I.,& Nikolić, M.. (2020). Genetic diversity of maize inbred lines assessed by SSR markers. in 9. International symposium on agricultural sciences "AgroReS 2020", 24.09.2020., Banja Luka, B i H – Book of Abstracts, 42.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_977

Ristić D, Kostadinović M, Kravić N, Kovinčić A, Stevanović M, Savić I, Nikolić M. Genetic diversity of maize inbred lines assessed by SSR markers. in 9. International symposium on agricultural sciences "AgroReS 2020", 24.09.2020., Banja Luka, B i H – Book of Abstracts. 2020;:42.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_977 .

Ristić, Danijela, Kostadinović, Marija, Kravić, Natalija, Kovinčić, Anika, Stevanović, Milan, Savić, Iva, Nikolić, Milica, "Genetic diversity of maize inbred lines assessed by SSR markers" in 9. International symposium on agricultural sciences "AgroReS 2020", 24.09.2020., Banja Luka, B i H – Book of Abstracts (2020):42,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_977 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolić, Milica
AU  - Savić, Iva
AU  - Obradović, Ana
AU  - Srdić, Jelena
AU  - Stanković, Goran
AU  - Stevanović, Milan
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/796
AB  - Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a secondary grain crop in Serbia used commercially for animal feed, seed, and human food applications. The production of barley in the 2016 to 2017 growing season reached a record yield of almost 400,000 metric tons (USDA 2017). Aspergillus contamination has been rare in the agroecological conditions of cereal-growing areas in Serbia. Changes in climatic factors, such as occurrence of high temperatures and prolonged droughts, increased frequency of Aspergillus spp. Species Aspergillus parasiticus was isolated from maize grain for the first time in Serbia in 2012 and from wheat grains in 2017 (Nikolic et al. 2018). We hypothesized that these pathogens can also be present in barley fields in Serbia. Barley spikes exhibiting bleaching were sampled at the beginning of June 2017 grown in northern Serbia. In severe infections, barley spikes get a dry look with awns that stand upright and firm. The incidence of the disease of the bleached spiked in the field was 15 to 20%. From each representative sample, 100 shriveled grains were collected. After surface sterilization with bleach/distilled water 1:3, 100 grains per sample (10 per Petri dish) were placed on potato dextrose agar and incubated at 25°C for 7 days. After isolation, 50% of isolates were identified as Alternaria spp., 20% as Fusarium spp., approximately 15% as Aspergillus spp. In order to reliably identify individual species of fungi, the fragments of colonies were transferred to malt extract agar (MEA) and Czapek yeast agar (CYA) and incubated in the dark for 7 days. The fungal colonies were dark green. The reverse side was pale yellow. The average colony diameter was 65 mm. Conidia were spherical and rough with thick walls. The average size of conidia was 5.1 µm. Colonies were floccose and thin on MEA and CYA. Based on growth and morphological characteristics, isolates were determined as A. parasiticus (Pitt and Hocking 2009). Molecular detection of Aspergillus species was done by using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the aflR-aflJ (genes for aflatoxin biosynthesis) intergenic spacer. The restriction enzyme BglII was able to cut the PCR product of A. parasiticus at one restriction site, resulting in two fragments of 363 and 311 bp (El Khoury et al. 2011). A. parasiticus CBS 100926 was used as a reference isolate. The pathogenicity of 20 isolates was verified on a group of 20 randomly selected spikes in four replicates (Mesterházy et al. 1999). A 7-day-old culture of each isolate was used for the preparation of the spore suspension (1 × 10⁶ spores/ml). Inoculation was carried out after 50% of plants reached the anthesis stage. Groups of 20 selected spikes were sprayed from all sides with 20 ml of fungal spore suspension. Control spikes were inoculated by applying an equal amount of sterile distilled water. The infection rate was estimated after 3 weeks on a 1 to 7 scale, with 1 = 0 to 5%, 2 = 5 to 15%, 3 = 15 to 30%, 4 = 30 to 50%, 5 = 50 to 75%, 6 = 75 to 90%, and 7 = 90 to 100% infected spike area. The average infection rate was 3.2. The pathogen was reisolated from the inoculated spikes and identified as A. parasiticus, with the aim to confirm Koch’s postulates. Developed symptoms were similar to those observed on spikes collected from the field. Control spikes did not show any symptoms of the disease. These results confirmed the pathogenicity of A. parasiticus on H. vulgare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of A. parasiticus on barley grain in Serbia. Because A. parasiticus is known to be a severe aflatoxin producer and climatic changes can increase the frequency of this fungus, further studies are necessary to improve strategies for food safety and quality.
PB  - St. Paul : The American Phytopathological Society (APS)
T2  - Plant Disease
T1  - First report of Aspergillus parasiticus on Barley Grain in Serbia
VL  - 104
IS  - 3
SP  - 987
DO  - 10.1094/PDIS-07-19-1364-PDN
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolić, Milica and Savić, Iva and Obradović, Ana and Srdić, Jelena and Stanković, Goran and Stevanović, Milan and Stanković, Slavica",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a secondary grain crop in Serbia used commercially for animal feed, seed, and human food applications. The production of barley in the 2016 to 2017 growing season reached a record yield of almost 400,000 metric tons (USDA 2017). Aspergillus contamination has been rare in the agroecological conditions of cereal-growing areas in Serbia. Changes in climatic factors, such as occurrence of high temperatures and prolonged droughts, increased frequency of Aspergillus spp. Species Aspergillus parasiticus was isolated from maize grain for the first time in Serbia in 2012 and from wheat grains in 2017 (Nikolic et al. 2018). We hypothesized that these pathogens can also be present in barley fields in Serbia. Barley spikes exhibiting bleaching were sampled at the beginning of June 2017 grown in northern Serbia. In severe infections, barley spikes get a dry look with awns that stand upright and firm. The incidence of the disease of the bleached spiked in the field was 15 to 20%. From each representative sample, 100 shriveled grains were collected. After surface sterilization with bleach/distilled water 1:3, 100 grains per sample (10 per Petri dish) were placed on potato dextrose agar and incubated at 25°C for 7 days. After isolation, 50% of isolates were identified as Alternaria spp., 20% as Fusarium spp., approximately 15% as Aspergillus spp. In order to reliably identify individual species of fungi, the fragments of colonies were transferred to malt extract agar (MEA) and Czapek yeast agar (CYA) and incubated in the dark for 7 days. The fungal colonies were dark green. The reverse side was pale yellow. The average colony diameter was 65 mm. Conidia were spherical and rough with thick walls. The average size of conidia was 5.1 µm. Colonies were floccose and thin on MEA and CYA. Based on growth and morphological characteristics, isolates were determined as A. parasiticus (Pitt and Hocking 2009). Molecular detection of Aspergillus species was done by using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the aflR-aflJ (genes for aflatoxin biosynthesis) intergenic spacer. The restriction enzyme BglII was able to cut the PCR product of A. parasiticus at one restriction site, resulting in two fragments of 363 and 311 bp (El Khoury et al. 2011). A. parasiticus CBS 100926 was used as a reference isolate. The pathogenicity of 20 isolates was verified on a group of 20 randomly selected spikes in four replicates (Mesterházy et al. 1999). A 7-day-old culture of each isolate was used for the preparation of the spore suspension (1 × 10⁶ spores/ml). Inoculation was carried out after 50% of plants reached the anthesis stage. Groups of 20 selected spikes were sprayed from all sides with 20 ml of fungal spore suspension. Control spikes were inoculated by applying an equal amount of sterile distilled water. The infection rate was estimated after 3 weeks on a 1 to 7 scale, with 1 = 0 to 5%, 2 = 5 to 15%, 3 = 15 to 30%, 4 = 30 to 50%, 5 = 50 to 75%, 6 = 75 to 90%, and 7 = 90 to 100% infected spike area. The average infection rate was 3.2. The pathogen was reisolated from the inoculated spikes and identified as A. parasiticus, with the aim to confirm Koch’s postulates. Developed symptoms were similar to those observed on spikes collected from the field. Control spikes did not show any symptoms of the disease. These results confirmed the pathogenicity of A. parasiticus on H. vulgare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of A. parasiticus on barley grain in Serbia. Because A. parasiticus is known to be a severe aflatoxin producer and climatic changes can increase the frequency of this fungus, further studies are necessary to improve strategies for food safety and quality.",
publisher = "St. Paul : The American Phytopathological Society (APS)",
journal = "Plant Disease",
title = "First report of Aspergillus parasiticus on Barley Grain in Serbia",
volume = "104",
number = "3",
pages = "987",
doi = "10.1094/PDIS-07-19-1364-PDN"
}

Nikolić, M., Savić, I., Obradović, A., Srdić, J., Stanković, G., Stevanović, M.,& Stanković, S.. (2020). First report of Aspergillus parasiticus on Barley Grain in Serbia. in Plant Disease
St. Paul : The American Phytopathological Society (APS)., 104(3), 987.
https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-19-1364-PDN

Nikolić M, Savić I, Obradović A, Srdić J, Stanković G, Stevanović M, Stanković S. First report of Aspergillus parasiticus on Barley Grain in Serbia. in Plant Disease. 2020;104(3):987.
doi:10.1094/PDIS-07-19-1364-PDN .

Nikolić, Milica, Savić, Iva, Obradović, Ana, Srdić, Jelena, Stanković, Goran, Stevanović, Milan, Stanković, Slavica, "First report of Aspergillus parasiticus on Barley Grain in Serbia" in Plant Disease, 104, no. 3 (2020):987,
https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-19-1364-PDN . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Stevanovic, Milan
AU  - Mladenović-Drinić, Snežana
AU  - Pavlov, Jovan
AU  - Grčić, Nikola
AU  - Ristić, Danijela
AU  - Nikolić, Milica
AU  - Savić, Iva
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/1321
AB  - Initial studies related to cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) were performed by Rhoeds in 1931. 
CMS is used in maize to enhance efficiency of seed production with simultaneous cost 
redaction. The majority of studies showed positive effects of CMS on maize grain yield. 
Grain yields recorded male sterile plants were higher by 5-10% than the ones in female fertile 
plants. Seven maize inbred lines of different origin and growing season were analysed. Each 
inbred was analysed in five variants: original inbred (N), CMS-C, RfC, CMS-S and RfS. The 
aim of this study was to compare grain yields and yield components of original inbreds and 
their CMS and Rf variants. The highest yields of observed inbreds (5.303 and 5.197 t/ha) 
were recorded in those with C and S cytoplasm, respectively. According to the LSD test, at 
significance levels of 0.05 and 0.01, the longest ears of 15.57, 15.56 and 15.46 cm were 
detected in inbreds with original, S and C cytoplasm, respectively. The highest kernel row 
number (12.98) at both significance levels was established in inbreds with C cytoplasm. The 
highest number of kernels per row (33.92) at both levels of significance was recorded in 
inbreds with S cytoplasm. The greatest kernel depth (0.8212 and 0.8196 cm) at both 
significance levels was established in inbreds with C and S cytoplasm, respectively. The 
greatest 1000-kernel weight at both levels of significance was detected in inbreds with normal 
cytoplasm. The highest number of kernels per m2
(2716 and 2676) was recorded in inbreds 
with C and S cytoplasm, respectively.
PB  - Banja Luka : University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture
C3  - 10. international scientific agricultural symposium "Agrosym 2019" - Book of proceedings
T1  - The effect of cytoplasmatic male sterility on yield and yield components of maize inbred lines
SP  - 724
EP  - 728
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1321
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Stevanovic, Milan and Mladenović-Drinić, Snežana and Pavlov, Jovan and Grčić, Nikola and Ristić, Danijela and Nikolić, Milica and Savić, Iva",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Initial studies related to cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) were performed by Rhoeds in 1931. 
CMS is used in maize to enhance efficiency of seed production with simultaneous cost 
redaction. The majority of studies showed positive effects of CMS on maize grain yield. 
Grain yields recorded male sterile plants were higher by 5-10% than the ones in female fertile 
plants. Seven maize inbred lines of different origin and growing season were analysed. Each 
inbred was analysed in five variants: original inbred (N), CMS-C, RfC, CMS-S and RfS. The 
aim of this study was to compare grain yields and yield components of original inbreds and 
their CMS and Rf variants. The highest yields of observed inbreds (5.303 and 5.197 t/ha) 
were recorded in those with C and S cytoplasm, respectively. According to the LSD test, at 
significance levels of 0.05 and 0.01, the longest ears of 15.57, 15.56 and 15.46 cm were 
detected in inbreds with original, S and C cytoplasm, respectively. The highest kernel row 
number (12.98) at both significance levels was established in inbreds with C cytoplasm. The 
highest number of kernels per row (33.92) at both levels of significance was recorded in 
inbreds with S cytoplasm. The greatest kernel depth (0.8212 and 0.8196 cm) at both 
significance levels was established in inbreds with C and S cytoplasm, respectively. The 
greatest 1000-kernel weight at both levels of significance was detected in inbreds with normal 
cytoplasm. The highest number of kernels per m2
(2716 and 2676) was recorded in inbreds 
with C and S cytoplasm, respectively.",
publisher = "Banja Luka : University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture",
journal = "10. international scientific agricultural symposium "Agrosym 2019" - Book of proceedings",
title = "The effect of cytoplasmatic male sterility on yield and yield components of maize inbred lines",
pages = "724-728",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1321"
}

Stevanovic, M., Mladenović-Drinić, S., Pavlov, J., Grčić, N., Ristić, D., Nikolić, M.,& Savić, I.. (2019). The effect of cytoplasmatic male sterility on yield and yield components of maize inbred lines. in 10. international scientific agricultural symposium "Agrosym 2019" - Book of proceedings
Banja Luka : University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture., 724-728.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1321

Stevanovic M, Mladenović-Drinić S, Pavlov J, Grčić N, Ristić D, Nikolić M, Savić I. The effect of cytoplasmatic male sterility on yield and yield components of maize inbred lines. in 10. international scientific agricultural symposium "Agrosym 2019" - Book of proceedings. 2019;:724-728.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1321 .

Stevanovic, Milan, Mladenović-Drinić, Snežana, Pavlov, Jovan, Grčić, Nikola, Ristić, Danijela, Nikolić, Milica, Savić, Iva, "The effect of cytoplasmatic male sterility on yield and yield components of maize inbred lines" in 10. international scientific agricultural symposium "Agrosym 2019" - Book of proceedings (2019):724-728,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_1321 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolić, Milica
AU  - Nikolić, Ana
AU  - Savić, Iva
AU  - Petrović, Tanja
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
AU  - Jauković, Marko
AU  - Bagi, Ferenc
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/709
AB  - The species of the genus Aspergillus, A. flavus and A. parasiticus, are the most aflatoxin-producing fungi. All previous studies carried out under the production conditions of Serbia showed no presence of A. parasiticus on wheat kernel. On the basis of changes in climatic factors, such as occurrence of high temperatures and prolonged droughts, which favour increased frequency of Aspergillus spp., we assumed that this pathogen can also be present in Serbia. The significance of direct losses as a consequence of wheat kernel infection, as well as potential contamination with aflatoxins, have pointed out to the need to determine the presence of toxigenic potential of A. flavus and A. parasiticus isolates originating from Serbia. For that purpose, wheat kernel samples were collected in nine locations. According to morphological, toxicological and molecular traits of isolated fungi, the presence of A. flavus and A. parasiticus was confirmed. This is the first time that A. parasiticus was identified on wheat under climatic conditions in Serbia. This study indicates that these pathogens may be a potential danger in wheat production in the region of Serbia. This danger will be much more certain if global climatic changes continue as they will provide more intensive development of these pathogens.
PB  - Društvo genetičara Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Genetika
T1  - Differentiation between aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus isolates originated from wheat
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
SP  - 143
EP  - 152
DO  - 10.2298/GENSR1801143N
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolić, Milica and Nikolić, Ana and Savić, Iva and Petrović, Tanja and Stanković, Slavica and Jauković, Marko and Bagi, Ferenc",
year = "2018",
abstract = "The species of the genus Aspergillus, A. flavus and A. parasiticus, are the most aflatoxin-producing fungi. All previous studies carried out under the production conditions of Serbia showed no presence of A. parasiticus on wheat kernel. On the basis of changes in climatic factors, such as occurrence of high temperatures and prolonged droughts, which favour increased frequency of Aspergillus spp., we assumed that this pathogen can also be present in Serbia. The significance of direct losses as a consequence of wheat kernel infection, as well as potential contamination with aflatoxins, have pointed out to the need to determine the presence of toxigenic potential of A. flavus and A. parasiticus isolates originating from Serbia. For that purpose, wheat kernel samples were collected in nine locations. According to morphological, toxicological and molecular traits of isolated fungi, the presence of A. flavus and A. parasiticus was confirmed. This is the first time that A. parasiticus was identified on wheat under climatic conditions in Serbia. This study indicates that these pathogens may be a potential danger in wheat production in the region of Serbia. This danger will be much more certain if global climatic changes continue as they will provide more intensive development of these pathogens.",
publisher = "Društvo genetičara Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Genetika",
title = "Differentiation between aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus isolates originated from wheat",
volume = "50",
number = "1",
pages = "143-152",
doi = "10.2298/GENSR1801143N"
}

Nikolić, M., Nikolić, A., Savić, I., Petrović, T., Stanković, S., Jauković, M.,& Bagi, F.. (2018). Differentiation between aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus isolates originated from wheat. in Genetika
Društvo genetičara Srbije, Beograd., 50(1), 143-152.
https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR1801143N

Nikolić M, Nikolić A, Savić I, Petrović T, Stanković S, Jauković M, Bagi F. Differentiation between aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus isolates originated from wheat. in Genetika. 2018;50(1):143-152.
doi:10.2298/GENSR1801143N .

Nikolić, Milica, Nikolić, Ana, Savić, Iva, Petrović, Tanja, Stanković, Slavica, Jauković, Marko, Bagi, Ferenc, "Differentiation between aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus isolates originated from wheat" in Genetika, 50, no. 1 (2018):143-152,
https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR1801143N . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolić, Milica
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
AU  - Savić, Iva
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/666
AB  - Maize is considered one of the most susceptible crops to mycotoxins worldwide. Compared to other mycotoxins, the greatest attention has been paid to aflatoxins, due to their potential carcinogenicity and due to significant and longstanding problems they can cause in humans and animals. A. flavus and A. parasiticus produce aflatoxins in many economically significant crops in both fields and storages. Because of the potential aflatoxin contamination of maize grain, the toxigenic potential of A. flavus and A. parasiticus isolates, originating from Serbia, was tested in the present study. Furthermore, various applied methods for detection of these mycotoxins were compared in the study. Cultural, serological and analytical methods for the detection of mycotoxins were compared in the course of the experiment by the direct extraction of aflatoxins from the nutrient medium. The cultural methods for the detection of aflatoxin production were applied to 20 isolates of A. flavus (MRIZP Af18-20) and A. parasiticus (MRIZP Ap1-17). These methods are based on the yellow pigment formation in mycelia and nutrition media, occurrence of fluorescence on PDA (potato dextrose agar), agar containing β-cyclodextrine (CD-PDA), as well as on the red pigment formation after adding ammonium hydroxide to the existing medium. The ELISA was used to check quantitative and qualitative analyses of total aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2) while the HPLC method was applied to establish ability of isolates to synthesize aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2. The yellow pigment formation, fluorescence and colony color changes of isolates into red, as a proof of toxigenicity of isolates, were confirmed in all cases by ELISA. A high potential of total aflatoxin production was determined in the majority of observed isolates. The ability of A. parasiticus isolates to synthesize aflatoxins G1 and G2 was confirmed by the HPLC method. This was essential for a better understanding of the key role of the suitability of cultural methods for preliminary evaluation of a large number of isolates. Our goal was to employ rapid biochemical approaches to prevent aflatoxin contamination of crops, and to reduce human and animal exposure to foodborne mycotoxins.
AB  - Kukuruz se širom sveta smatra jednim od useva najpodložnijih za kontaminaciju mikotoksinima. Aflatoksinima se, u poređenju s drugim mikotoksinima, pridaje najveća pažnja zbog njihove potencijalne kancerogenosti, značajnih i dugoročnih problema koje izazivaju kod ljudi i životinja. Vrste A. flavus i A. parasiticus mogu produkovati aflatoksine kod mnogih ekonomski značajnih kultura u poljima i skladištima. Zbog potencijalne kontaminacije zrna kukuruza aflatoksinima u ovom radu je ispitan toksigeni potencijal izolata upravo ove dve vrste poreklom iz Srbije i upoređene su različite metode detekcije ovih mikotoksina. Tokom eksperimenta upoređene su odgajivačke, serološke i analitičke metode detekcije mikotoksina, direktnom ekstrakcijom aflatoksina iz hranljive podloge. Istraživanja su bazirana na primeni odgajivačke metode za određivanje produkcije aflatoksina kod 20 izolata A. parasiticus (MRIZP Ap1-17) i A. flavus (MRIZP Af18-20) poreklom iz Srbije. Odgajivačke metode su bile zasnovane na formiranju žutog pigmenta u miceliji i hranljivoj podlozi, na pojavi fluorescencije na PDA (krompir dekstrozni agar) i podlozi koja sadrzi β-ciklodekstrin (CD-PDA), kao i na obrazovanju crvenog pigmenta u podlozi nakon dodavanja amonijum hidroksida. ELISA test je korišćen za proveru kvantitativnih i kvalitativnih sadržaja ukupnih aflatoksina B1, B2, G1 i G 2, dok je HPLC metodom utvrđena koncentracija pojedinačnih aflatoksina B1, B2, G1 i G2. Obrazovanje žutog pigmenta, fluorescencija i promena boje kolonije izolata u crvenu, kao dokaz toksigenosti izolata, potvrđena je u svim slučajevima i ELISA testom. Kod većine izolata ustanovljen je visok potencijal produkcije ukupnih aflatoksina. HPLC metodom potvrđena je i sposobnost sinteze aflatoksina G1 i G2 od strane izolata A. parasiticus. Cilj eksperimenta bio je da se ispita efikasnost upotrebe brzih testova za detekciju aflatoksina, kako bi se sprečila kontaminacija useva i izloženost ljudi i životinja afla-toksinima.
PB  - Matica srpska, Novi Sad
T2  - Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke
T1  - Comparison of methods for determination of the toxigenic potential of Aspergillus parasiticus Sp. and Aspergillus flavus L. isolated from maize
T1  - Komparacija metoda za utvrđivanje toksigenog potencijala Aspergillus parasiticus Speare i Aspergillus flavus Link izolovanih sa kukuruza
IS  - 133
SP  - 95
EP  - 104
DO  - 10.2298/ZMSPN1733095N
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolić, Milica and Stanković, Slavica and Savić, Iva",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Maize is considered one of the most susceptible crops to mycotoxins worldwide. Compared to other mycotoxins, the greatest attention has been paid to aflatoxins, due to their potential carcinogenicity and due to significant and longstanding problems they can cause in humans and animals. A. flavus and A. parasiticus produce aflatoxins in many economically significant crops in both fields and storages. Because of the potential aflatoxin contamination of maize grain, the toxigenic potential of A. flavus and A. parasiticus isolates, originating from Serbia, was tested in the present study. Furthermore, various applied methods for detection of these mycotoxins were compared in the study. Cultural, serological and analytical methods for the detection of mycotoxins were compared in the course of the experiment by the direct extraction of aflatoxins from the nutrient medium. The cultural methods for the detection of aflatoxin production were applied to 20 isolates of A. flavus (MRIZP Af18-20) and A. parasiticus (MRIZP Ap1-17). These methods are based on the yellow pigment formation in mycelia and nutrition media, occurrence of fluorescence on PDA (potato dextrose agar), agar containing β-cyclodextrine (CD-PDA), as well as on the red pigment formation after adding ammonium hydroxide to the existing medium. The ELISA was used to check quantitative and qualitative analyses of total aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2) while the HPLC method was applied to establish ability of isolates to synthesize aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2. The yellow pigment formation, fluorescence and colony color changes of isolates into red, as a proof of toxigenicity of isolates, were confirmed in all cases by ELISA. A high potential of total aflatoxin production was determined in the majority of observed isolates. The ability of A. parasiticus isolates to synthesize aflatoxins G1 and G2 was confirmed by the HPLC method. This was essential for a better understanding of the key role of the suitability of cultural methods for preliminary evaluation of a large number of isolates. Our goal was to employ rapid biochemical approaches to prevent aflatoxin contamination of crops, and to reduce human and animal exposure to foodborne mycotoxins., Kukuruz se širom sveta smatra jednim od useva najpodložnijih za kontaminaciju mikotoksinima. Aflatoksinima se, u poređenju s drugim mikotoksinima, pridaje najveća pažnja zbog njihove potencijalne kancerogenosti, značajnih i dugoročnih problema koje izazivaju kod ljudi i životinja. Vrste A. flavus i A. parasiticus mogu produkovati aflatoksine kod mnogih ekonomski značajnih kultura u poljima i skladištima. Zbog potencijalne kontaminacije zrna kukuruza aflatoksinima u ovom radu je ispitan toksigeni potencijal izolata upravo ove dve vrste poreklom iz Srbije i upoređene su različite metode detekcije ovih mikotoksina. Tokom eksperimenta upoređene su odgajivačke, serološke i analitičke metode detekcije mikotoksina, direktnom ekstrakcijom aflatoksina iz hranljive podloge. Istraživanja su bazirana na primeni odgajivačke metode za određivanje produkcije aflatoksina kod 20 izolata A. parasiticus (MRIZP Ap1-17) i A. flavus (MRIZP Af18-20) poreklom iz Srbije. Odgajivačke metode su bile zasnovane na formiranju žutog pigmenta u miceliji i hranljivoj podlozi, na pojavi fluorescencije na PDA (krompir dekstrozni agar) i podlozi koja sadrzi β-ciklodekstrin (CD-PDA), kao i na obrazovanju crvenog pigmenta u podlozi nakon dodavanja amonijum hidroksida. ELISA test je korišćen za proveru kvantitativnih i kvalitativnih sadržaja ukupnih aflatoksina B1, B2, G1 i G 2, dok je HPLC metodom utvrđena koncentracija pojedinačnih aflatoksina B1, B2, G1 i G2. Obrazovanje žutog pigmenta, fluorescencija i promena boje kolonije izolata u crvenu, kao dokaz toksigenosti izolata, potvrđena je u svim slučajevima i ELISA testom. Kod većine izolata ustanovljen je visok potencijal produkcije ukupnih aflatoksina. HPLC metodom potvrđena je i sposobnost sinteze aflatoksina G1 i G2 od strane izolata A. parasiticus. Cilj eksperimenta bio je da se ispita efikasnost upotrebe brzih testova za detekciju aflatoksina, kako bi se sprečila kontaminacija useva i izloženost ljudi i životinja afla-toksinima.",
publisher = "Matica srpska, Novi Sad",
journal = "Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke",
title = "Comparison of methods for determination of the toxigenic potential of Aspergillus parasiticus Sp. and Aspergillus flavus L. isolated from maize, Komparacija metoda za utvrđivanje toksigenog potencijala Aspergillus parasiticus Speare i Aspergillus flavus Link izolovanih sa kukuruza",
number = "133",
pages = "95-104",
doi = "10.2298/ZMSPN1733095N"
}

Nikolić, M., Stanković, S.,& Savić, I.. (2017). Comparison of methods for determination of the toxigenic potential of Aspergillus parasiticus Sp. and Aspergillus flavus L. isolated from maize. in Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke
Matica srpska, Novi Sad.(133), 95-104.
https://doi.org/10.2298/ZMSPN1733095N

Nikolić M, Stanković S, Savić I. Comparison of methods for determination of the toxigenic potential of Aspergillus parasiticus Sp. and Aspergillus flavus L. isolated from maize. in Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke. 2017;(133):95-104.
doi:10.2298/ZMSPN1733095N .

Nikolić, Milica, Stanković, Slavica, Savić, Iva, "Comparison of methods for determination of the toxigenic potential of Aspergillus parasiticus Sp. and Aspergillus flavus L. isolated from maize" in Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 133 (2017):95-104,
https://doi.org/10.2298/ZMSPN1733095N . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolić, Milica
AU  - Savić, Iva
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/645
AB  - Species of the genus Aspergillus, section Flavi are facultative plant pathogens with the capability to contaminate primary agricultural products in the field, at harvest, in warehouses, and during processing. Infection is done through silk or injuries on maize ears. The objective of this study was to test pathogenicity of 25 A. parasiticus isolates on barley leaves. A parasiticus was isolated from maize kernels collected from 22 locations in Serbia during 2013-2015. Inoculation of the first barley leaf was done by the spore suspension of the fungus A. parasiticus. The spot sizes were statistically compared and this comparison showed that the isolate MRIZP 3930 was the least virulent. The isolate MRIZP 3819 was the most virulent seven days after inoculation and together with the isolate MRIZP 4265 was classified into the most aggressive group rated as 5. Pathogenicity was confirmed in all isolates.
AB  - Vrste roda Aspergillus sekcije Flavi su fakultativní biljni patogeni, čija se sposobnost ogleda u kontaminaciji primarnih poljoprivrednih proizvoda u polju, tokom berbe, u skladištu i tokom procesa prerade. Infekcija se obavlja preko svile ili oštećenja na klipu kukuruza. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se oceni patogenost 25 izolata A. parasiticus na listovima ječma. Kulture A. parasiticus su izolovane iz uzoraka zrna kukuruza koji su prikupljani sa 22 lokaliteta u Srbiji u periodu 2013-2015. godina. Inokulacija prvog lista ječma izvršena je pomoću suspenzije spora gljive A. parasiticus. Statističkim poređenjem dobijenih vrednosti veličina pega, pokazano je da je najmanje virulentan izolat MRIZP 3930. Izolat MRIZP 3819 se izvojio kao najvirulentniji posle 7 dana inokulacije, a zajedno s izolatom MRIZP 4265 je svrstan u najagresivniju grupu koja je kategorisana ocenom 5. Svi ispitivani izolati su potvrdili patogenost.
PB  - Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad
T2  - Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo
T1  - Pathogenicity of Aspergillus spp. isolates originating from Serbia
T1  - Patogenost izolata Aspergillus spp. poreklom iz Srbije
VL  - 53
IS  - 3
SP  - 101
EP  - 105
DO  - 10.5937/ratpov53-10795
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolić, Milica and Savić, Iva and Stanković, Slavica",
year = "2016",
abstract = "Species of the genus Aspergillus, section Flavi are facultative plant pathogens with the capability to contaminate primary agricultural products in the field, at harvest, in warehouses, and during processing. Infection is done through silk or injuries on maize ears. The objective of this study was to test pathogenicity of 25 A. parasiticus isolates on barley leaves. A parasiticus was isolated from maize kernels collected from 22 locations in Serbia during 2013-2015. Inoculation of the first barley leaf was done by the spore suspension of the fungus A. parasiticus. The spot sizes were statistically compared and this comparison showed that the isolate MRIZP 3930 was the least virulent. The isolate MRIZP 3819 was the most virulent seven days after inoculation and together with the isolate MRIZP 4265 was classified into the most aggressive group rated as 5. Pathogenicity was confirmed in all isolates., Vrste roda Aspergillus sekcije Flavi su fakultativní biljni patogeni, čija se sposobnost ogleda u kontaminaciji primarnih poljoprivrednih proizvoda u polju, tokom berbe, u skladištu i tokom procesa prerade. Infekcija se obavlja preko svile ili oštećenja na klipu kukuruza. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se oceni patogenost 25 izolata A. parasiticus na listovima ječma. Kulture A. parasiticus su izolovane iz uzoraka zrna kukuruza koji su prikupljani sa 22 lokaliteta u Srbiji u periodu 2013-2015. godina. Inokulacija prvog lista ječma izvršena je pomoću suspenzije spora gljive A. parasiticus. Statističkim poređenjem dobijenih vrednosti veličina pega, pokazano je da je najmanje virulentan izolat MRIZP 3930. Izolat MRIZP 3819 se izvojio kao najvirulentniji posle 7 dana inokulacije, a zajedno s izolatom MRIZP 4265 je svrstan u najagresivniju grupu koja je kategorisana ocenom 5. Svi ispitivani izolati su potvrdili patogenost.",
publisher = "Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad",
journal = "Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo",
title = "Pathogenicity of Aspergillus spp. isolates originating from Serbia, Patogenost izolata Aspergillus spp. poreklom iz Srbije",
volume = "53",
number = "3",
pages = "101-105",
doi = "10.5937/ratpov53-10795"
}

Nikolić, M., Savić, I.,& Stanković, S.. (2016). Pathogenicity of Aspergillus spp. isolates originating from Serbia. in Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo
Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad., 53(3), 101-105.
https://doi.org/10.5937/ratpov53-10795

Nikolić M, Savić I, Stanković S. Pathogenicity of Aspergillus spp. isolates originating from Serbia. in Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo. 2016;53(3):101-105.
doi:10.5937/ratpov53-10795 .

Nikolić, Milica, Savić, Iva, Stanković, Slavica, "Pathogenicity of Aspergillus spp. isolates originating from Serbia" in Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, 53, no. 3 (2016):101-105,
https://doi.org/10.5937/ratpov53-10795 . .