@conference{
author = "Todorović, Goran and Crevar, Miloš and Jovanović, V. Snežana and Popović, Aleksandar and Petrović, Tanja",
year = "2021",
abstract = "U 2020. godini proizvodnja ZP hibrida zasnovana je na 1.422,65 ha. Najveći deo proizvodnje je
ugovoren sa eksternim proizvođačima, dok je 20,3 ha bilo zasnovano na površinama Instituta ZP u
Krnješevcima i Školskom dobru. Proizvodnja je zasnovana kod svih 12 eksternih proizvođača sa
kojima je bila ugovorena i 2019. godine.
Klimatski proizvodna sezona nije bila idealna za proizvodnju semenskog kukuruza. Iako tokom
godine nije bilo dugačkih perioda sa visokim temperaturama, u kritičnim fazama je bilo nedovoljno
padavina. U početnim fazama razvoja (od setve do nicanja) je u mnogim regionima zabeležena
nedovoljna količina padavina. U severnoj Bačkoj je u tom periodu beskišan period potrajao do prve
polovine maja. Tada su nastupile obilnije količine padavina, praćene nižim temperaturama nego što
su uobičajene za taj period. Sve je to uticalo na slabije sklopove i neujednačeno nicanje.
Svake godine se sve više pokazuje da je otežano kvalitetno uklanjanje metlica ukoliko se ne koriste
samohodni sekači metlica (Kastriks), zato što je iz godine u godinu sve manje kvalitetne sezonske
radne snage. To se naročito pokazalo u ovoj godini, na koju je dodatno uticala i globalna pandemija
COVID-19. Svi eksterni proizvođači su ove godine u većoj ili manjoj meri koristili i Kastriks pri
uklanjanju metlica.
Biljne bolesti su ove godine imale izraženiji uticaj nego prethodnih godina, naročito u pojedinim
regionima. U centralnoj Bačkoj na jednoj lokaciji je zabeleženo 8% obolelih biljaka od plamenjače
kukuruza (Sclerophtora macrospora). U poslednjih 10 godina tako nešto nije zabeleženo u
proizvodnji semenskog kukuruza. Sve obolele biljke su uklonjene iz useva u fazi intenzivnog
porasta, a nakon toga je usev tretiran preparatom Krilt (1 l/ha). Intervencija je bila uspešna i
ostvaren je prinos od 3,35 t/ha. U zapadnoj Bačkoj je na više lokaliteta bila primetna velika šteta
uzrokovana mehurastom gari (Ustilago maydis). Procenat zaraženih klipova i vegetativnih delova
biljaka je varirao između genotipova. Zadnjih nekoliko godina sve je veća pojava i treće generacije
kukuruznog plamenca, ali s obzirom da svi proizvođači preventivno više puta tretiraju useve, nije
zabeležena ni na jednoj izolaciji veća šteta.
Berba i sušenje semenskog kukuruza je obavljena u 7 doradnih centara. S obzirom da od septembra
do početka oktobra gotovo da nije bilo padavina, berba je protekla bez većih zastoja. Prosečan
prinos primarno dorađenog semena svih izolacija iznosio je 3,3 t/ha, dok je prosečna klijavost svih
ispitanih partija semena 96,84%. Ukupno je proizvedeno 4.700 t primarno dorađenog semena., In 2020, the production of ZP hybrids was based on 1,422.65 ha. The largest part of the production
was contracted with external producers, while 20.3 ha were based on the fields of the Maize
Research Institute in Krnješevci and Školsko dobro. Production was made with all 12 external
producers with which it was contracted in 2019.
By climate production season was not ideal for the production of maize seed. Although there were
no long periods with high temperatures during the year, there was insufficient rainfall in the critical
phases. In the initial stages of development (from sowing to germination), insufficient rainfall was
recorded in many regions. In northern Bačka, the dry period lasted until the first half of May. Then
there were more abundant amounts of precipitation, followed by lower temperatures than usual for
that period. All this affected lower plant dencity and uneven emergence.
Every year, it becomes more and more difficult to properly remove tassels if self propelled
detasseling machines (Castrix) are not used, because the quality of seasonal labor is decreasing year
by year. This was especially evident this year, which was additionally affected by the global
COVID-19 pandemic. This year, all external producers have to a greater or lesser extent used
Castrix for detasseling.
Plant diseases have had a more pronounced impact this year than in previous years, especially in
some regions. In central Bačka, 8% of infected plants with Sclerophtora macrospora were recorded
at one location. In the last 10 years, something like that has not been noticed in the production of
maize seed. All diseased plants were removed from the crop in the phase of intensive growth, and
after that the crop was treated. The intervention was successful and the yield was 3.35 t / ha. In
western Bačka, great damage was noticed at several localities caused by Ustilago maydis. The
percentage of infected cobs and vegetative parts of plants varied between genotypes. In the last few
years, the appearance of the third generation of corn borer has been increasing, but considering that
all producers treat crops preventively several times, no major damage has been noticed on any of
the isolations.
Harvesting and drying of maize seed was performed in 7 processing centers. Since there was almost
no precipitation from September to the beginning of October, the harvest passed without major
delays. The average yield of primarily processed seeds of all isolations was 3.3 t / ha, while the
average germination of all tested seed lots was 96.84%. A total of 4,700 t of primarily processed
seed was produced.",
publisher = "Novi Sad : Nacionalno društvo za procesnu tehniku i energetiku u poljoprivredi, Novi Sad : National Society of Processing and Energy in Agriculture",
journal = "33. Nacionalna konferencija procesna tehnika i energetika u poljoprivredi PTEP 2021, 18-23.04.2021. Vršac, Srbija - Zbornik apstrakata, 2021; 33th National conference processing and energy in agriculture PTEP 2021, 18-23.04.2021. Vršac, Srbija - Book of abstracts",
title = "Proizvodnja i dorada semenskog kukuruza u 2020.godini, Maize seed production and processing in 2020",
pages = "5-6",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_918"
}
