TY  - JOUR
AU  - Babić, Vojka
AU  - Kravić, Natalija
AU  - Babić, Milosav
AU  - Popović, Aleksandar
AU  - Ivanović, Dragica
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/582
AB  - Large number of accessions, usually stored in gene banks, makes the regeneration very expensive, involving at the same time risks to the genetic integrity of accessions. Therefore, monitoring viability of stored seeds is a very important operation in gene banks. In 2013, monitoring for seed viability was conducted on 703 local maize landraces from Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje (MRIZP) gene bank. According to the results of germination test under laboratory conditions on filter paper (BP, 20 double left right arrow 30 degrees C, ISTA Rules), 49 local landraces were chosen for additional germination testing in field and under laboratory conditions using sand as a growing media (S, 20 double left right arrow 30 degrees C, ISTA Rules). For testing in sand, extended period of germination monitoring (ISTA Rules, 5.6.4) was applied, while for evaluation of abnormal seedlings less strict criteria than those in ISTA Rules were used. Statistical analysis, showed that the determination of seed viability in the field (24th day) was in the best accordance with the results of germination testing in sand (counting on the 7th day). It was noticed that the extended evaluation in sand did not contribute to more precise results. Also, correlation analysis revealed the existence of a trend, indicating that higher germination rate was associated to higher level of kernel hardness.
PB  - Natl Agricultural Research & Development Inst, Fundulea
T2  - Romanian Agricultural Research
T1  - Viability testing of maize landraces accessions from MRIZP gene bank
VL  - 32
SP  - 85
EP  - 91
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_582
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Babić, Vojka and Kravić, Natalija and Babić, Milosav and Popović, Aleksandar and Ivanović, Dragica",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Large number of accessions, usually stored in gene banks, makes the regeneration very expensive, involving at the same time risks to the genetic integrity of accessions. Therefore, monitoring viability of stored seeds is a very important operation in gene banks. In 2013, monitoring for seed viability was conducted on 703 local maize landraces from Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje (MRIZP) gene bank. According to the results of germination test under laboratory conditions on filter paper (BP, 20 double left right arrow 30 degrees C, ISTA Rules), 49 local landraces were chosen for additional germination testing in field and under laboratory conditions using sand as a growing media (S, 20 double left right arrow 30 degrees C, ISTA Rules). For testing in sand, extended period of germination monitoring (ISTA Rules, 5.6.4) was applied, while for evaluation of abnormal seedlings less strict criteria than those in ISTA Rules were used. Statistical analysis, showed that the determination of seed viability in the field (24th day) was in the best accordance with the results of germination testing in sand (counting on the 7th day). It was noticed that the extended evaluation in sand did not contribute to more precise results. Also, correlation analysis revealed the existence of a trend, indicating that higher germination rate was associated to higher level of kernel hardness.",
publisher = "Natl Agricultural Research & Development Inst, Fundulea",
journal = "Romanian Agricultural Research",
title = "Viability testing of maize landraces accessions from MRIZP gene bank",
volume = "32",
pages = "85-91",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_582"
}

Babić, V., Kravić, N., Babić, M., Popović, A.,& Ivanović, D.. (2015). Viability testing of maize landraces accessions from MRIZP gene bank. in Romanian Agricultural Research
Natl Agricultural Research & Development Inst, Fundulea., 32, 85-91.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_582

Babić V, Kravić N, Babić M, Popović A, Ivanović D. Viability testing of maize landraces accessions from MRIZP gene bank. in Romanian Agricultural Research. 2015;32:85-91.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_582 .

Babić, Vojka, Kravić, Natalija, Babić, Milosav, Popović, Aleksandar, Ivanović, Dragica, "Viability testing of maize landraces accessions from MRIZP gene bank" in Romanian Agricultural Research, 32 (2015):85-91,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_582 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lević, Jelena
AU  - Petrović, Tijana
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
AU  - Ivanović, Dragica
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/502
AB  - Root samples of cereals (oats, wheat, barley, maize and sorghum), vegetables (garlic, onion, pepper, cucumber, pumpkin, carrot and tomato), industrial plant (soya bean) and weeds (Johnson grass, barnyard grass and green bristle-grass) collected in different agroecological conditions in Serbia were analysed for the presence of Pyrenochaeta terrestris. The fungus was found in 42 out of 51 samples (82.4%), while the incidence varied from 2.5 to 72.5%. The highest incidence was detected in cereals (average 30.3%), and then in weeds of the Poaceae family (average 14.2%). Considering single species, maize (up to 72.5% in root) and Johnson grass (up to 37.5%) were mostly attacked by this fungus. The lowest incidence of the fungus was determined in vegetable crops (average 6.7%). Red to reddish discoloration of root was correlated with the incidence of the fungus. Obtained data indicate that P. terrestris is widespread in Serbia and conditions for its development are favourable.
AB  - Uzorci korena žita (ovas, pšenica, ječam, kukuruz i pitomi sirak), povrća (beli luk, crni luk, paprika, krastavac, bundeva, šargarepa i paradajz), industrijskog bilja (soja) i korova (divlji sirak, korovski proso i zeleni muhar), koji su prikupljeni u različitim agroekološkim uslovima u Srbiji, analizirani su na prisustvo Pyrenochaeta terrestris. Gljiva je utvrđena u 42 od 51 uzorka (82,4%), a stepen napada je varirao od 2,5% do 72,5%. Generalno, najveći stepen napada gljive utvrđen je na korenu žita (prosek 30,3%), a zatim na korenu korova (prosek 14,2%) iz porodice Poaceae. Među pojedinačnim vrstama, gljiva je u najvećem stepenu utvrđena na korenu kukuruza (do 72,5%) i divljeg sirka (do 37,5%). Nasuprot tome, gljiva je ređe utvrđena na korenu povrtarskih kultura (prosek 6,7%). Crvenilo (ružičasta, crvenkasta, crvena i ljubičasta boja) korena bilo je u korelaciji sa učestalošću pojave gljive. Dobijeni podaci ukazuju na to da je P. terrestris široko rasprostranjena u Srbiji i da su povoljni uslovi za njen razvoj.
PB  - Matica srpska, Novi Sad
T2  - Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke
T1  - The incidence of Pyrenochaeta terrestris in root of different plant species in Serbia
T1  - Učestalost pojave Pyrenochaeta terrestris na korenu različitih biljnih vrsta u Srbiji
IS  - 125
SP  - 21
EP  - 30
DO  - 10.2298/ZMSPN1325021L
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lević, Jelena and Petrović, Tijana and Stanković, Slavica and Ivanović, Dragica",
year = "2013",
abstract = "Root samples of cereals (oats, wheat, barley, maize and sorghum), vegetables (garlic, onion, pepper, cucumber, pumpkin, carrot and tomato), industrial plant (soya bean) and weeds (Johnson grass, barnyard grass and green bristle-grass) collected in different agroecological conditions in Serbia were analysed for the presence of Pyrenochaeta terrestris. The fungus was found in 42 out of 51 samples (82.4%), while the incidence varied from 2.5 to 72.5%. The highest incidence was detected in cereals (average 30.3%), and then in weeds of the Poaceae family (average 14.2%). Considering single species, maize (up to 72.5% in root) and Johnson grass (up to 37.5%) were mostly attacked by this fungus. The lowest incidence of the fungus was determined in vegetable crops (average 6.7%). Red to reddish discoloration of root was correlated with the incidence of the fungus. Obtained data indicate that P. terrestris is widespread in Serbia and conditions for its development are favourable., Uzorci korena žita (ovas, pšenica, ječam, kukuruz i pitomi sirak), povrća (beli luk, crni luk, paprika, krastavac, bundeva, šargarepa i paradajz), industrijskog bilja (soja) i korova (divlji sirak, korovski proso i zeleni muhar), koji su prikupljeni u različitim agroekološkim uslovima u Srbiji, analizirani su na prisustvo Pyrenochaeta terrestris. Gljiva je utvrđena u 42 od 51 uzorka (82,4%), a stepen napada je varirao od 2,5% do 72,5%. Generalno, najveći stepen napada gljive utvrđen je na korenu žita (prosek 30,3%), a zatim na korenu korova (prosek 14,2%) iz porodice Poaceae. Među pojedinačnim vrstama, gljiva je u najvećem stepenu utvrđena na korenu kukuruza (do 72,5%) i divljeg sirka (do 37,5%). Nasuprot tome, gljiva je ređe utvrđena na korenu povrtarskih kultura (prosek 6,7%). Crvenilo (ružičasta, crvenkasta, crvena i ljubičasta boja) korena bilo je u korelaciji sa učestalošću pojave gljive. Dobijeni podaci ukazuju na to da je P. terrestris široko rasprostranjena u Srbiji i da su povoljni uslovi za njen razvoj.",
publisher = "Matica srpska, Novi Sad",
journal = "Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke",
title = "The incidence of Pyrenochaeta terrestris in root of different plant species in Serbia, Učestalost pojave Pyrenochaeta terrestris na korenu različitih biljnih vrsta u Srbiji",
number = "125",
pages = "21-30",
doi = "10.2298/ZMSPN1325021L"
}

Lević, J., Petrović, T., Stanković, S.,& Ivanović, D.. (2013). The incidence of Pyrenochaeta terrestris in root of different plant species in Serbia. in Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke
Matica srpska, Novi Sad.(125), 21-30.
https://doi.org/10.2298/ZMSPN1325021L

Lević J, Petrović T, Stanković S, Ivanović D. The incidence of Pyrenochaeta terrestris in root of different plant species in Serbia. in Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke. 2013;(125):21-30.
doi:10.2298/ZMSPN1325021L .

Lević, Jelena, Petrović, Tijana, Stanković, Slavica, Ivanović, Dragica, "The incidence of Pyrenochaeta terrestris in root of different plant species in Serbia" in Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 125 (2013):21-30,
https://doi.org/10.2298/ZMSPN1325021L . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lević, Jelena
AU  - Gošić-Dondo, Snežana
AU  - Ivanović, Dragica
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Bočarov-Stančić, Aleksandra
AU  - Stepanić, Ana
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/510
AB  - The frequency and incidence of A. flavus and A. niger on barley, maize, soybean, sunflower and wheat grain, the abundance of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) moths and their interaction depending on weather conditions in the 2008-2012 period were studied. Under the agroecological conditions of Serbia, the species A. niger is more frequent than A. flavus, and concerning the crop species, its frequency is highest in kernels of sunflower, than soybean, maize, barley and wheat. A. flavus was extremely dominant on all plant species in 2012 regarding its frequency: 100% on soybean, 95.3% on maize, 65.2% on barley, 57.1% on sunflower and 45.8% on wheat. Furthermore, the incidence of A. flavus was higher in 2012 than in previous years. The uncommonly high frequency and incidence of A. flavus infestation of maize grain in 2012 were caused by extremely stressful agrometeorological conditions, high temperatures and drought over the period from flowering to waxy maturity of maize. The precipitation factor (Pf = precipitation sum / average monthly temperature) showed that 2012 was extremely arid in June (Pf = 0.57), July (Pf = 1.45), August (Pf = 0.15) and September (Pf = 1.42). European corn borer (ECB) was a second factor causing intensive occurrence of A. flavus on maize grain in 2012. The maximum flight of ECB moths was recorded as early as in July (5,149) and, as a result of this, high damage and numerous injuries were detected at harvest. Those injuries were covered by visible olive-green powdery colonies typical of A. flavus. In the chronology of A. flavus occurrence, these are the first data on its very high frequency and incidence under the agroecological conditions of Serbia. As intensive infections with A. flavus were rare in the past 50 years, the level of aflatoxins in maize grain was low.
AB  - U ovom radu su analizirani učestalost i intenzitet napada A. flavus i A. niger na 180 uzoraka zrna ječma, 1138 kukuruza, 283 soje, 89 suncokreta i 79 pšenice, brojnost leptira kukuruzovog plamenca (Ostrinia nubilalis), kao i njihova interakcija u zavisnosti od meteoroloških uslova u periodu 2008-2012. U agroekološkim uslovima u Srbiji vrsta A . niger je učestalija od vrste A. flavus, a u zavisnosti od biljne vrste pojavljuje se najčešće na zrnu suncokreta, zatim soje, kukuruza, ječma i pšenice. A. flavus je izuzetno bila dominantna na svim biljnim vrstama u 2012, kako po učestalosti, tako i intenzitetu napada. Ova vrsta je u 2012. godini utvrđena kod svih uzoraka soje (100%), nešto manje na zrnu kukuruza (95,3%), zatim na ječmu (65,2%) i suncokretu (57,1%) i najmanje na zrnu pšenice (45,8%). Intenzitet napada A. flavus je, također, bila veća u 2012. u poređenju sa prethodnim godinama. Neuobičajeno visoka učestalost i intenzitet napada A. flavus na zrnu kukuruza u 2012. godini bila je uslovljena izuzetno stresnim agrometeorološkim uslovima, visokim temperaturama i sušom, od cvetanja do voštane zrelosti kukuruza. Kišni faktor (Kf = suma padavina / prosečna mesečna temperatura) ukazuje da je te godine bila izuzetno aridna klima u junu (Kf = 0,57), julu (Kf = 1,45), avgustu (Kf = 0,15) i septembru (Kf = 1,42). Kukuruzov plamenac je drugi činilac koji je uslovio intenzivnu pojavu A. flavus na zrnu kukuruza u 2012. godini. Maksimalni let leptira ovog insekta utvrđen je veoma rano, posebno let druge generacije, već u julu 2012. (5.149 jediniki), a kao posledica toga u vreme berbe su utvrđena i brojna oštećenja na kojima je bio vidljiv razvoj maslinasto-zelenih praškastih kolonija koje su tipične za A. flavus. U hronologji pojave A. flavus ovo su prvi podaci o njenoj jako visokoj učestalosti i intenzitetu napada u agroekološkim uslovima u Srbiji. Intenzivna pojava A. flavus je bila retka u proteklih 50 godina zbog čega je bio i nizak nivo aflatoksina u zrnu kukuruzu.
PB  - Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Beograd i Društvo za zaštitu bilja Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Pesticidi i fitomedicina
T1  - An outbreak of Aspergillus species in response to environmental conditions in Serbia
T1  - Intenzivna pojava vrsta roda Aspergillus kao odgovor na uslove spoljašnje sredine u Srbiji
VL  - 28
IS  - 3
SP  - 167
EP  - 179
DO  - 10.2298/PIF1303167L
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lević, Jelena and Gošić-Dondo, Snežana and Ivanović, Dragica and Stanković, Slavica and Krnjaja, Vesna and Bočarov-Stančić, Aleksandra and Stepanić, Ana",
year = "2013",
abstract = "The frequency and incidence of A. flavus and A. niger on barley, maize, soybean, sunflower and wheat grain, the abundance of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) moths and their interaction depending on weather conditions in the 2008-2012 period were studied. Under the agroecological conditions of Serbia, the species A. niger is more frequent than A. flavus, and concerning the crop species, its frequency is highest in kernels of sunflower, than soybean, maize, barley and wheat. A. flavus was extremely dominant on all plant species in 2012 regarding its frequency: 100% on soybean, 95.3% on maize, 65.2% on barley, 57.1% on sunflower and 45.8% on wheat. Furthermore, the incidence of A. flavus was higher in 2012 than in previous years. The uncommonly high frequency and incidence of A. flavus infestation of maize grain in 2012 were caused by extremely stressful agrometeorological conditions, high temperatures and drought over the period from flowering to waxy maturity of maize. The precipitation factor (Pf = precipitation sum / average monthly temperature) showed that 2012 was extremely arid in June (Pf = 0.57), July (Pf = 1.45), August (Pf = 0.15) and September (Pf = 1.42). European corn borer (ECB) was a second factor causing intensive occurrence of A. flavus on maize grain in 2012. The maximum flight of ECB moths was recorded as early as in July (5,149) and, as a result of this, high damage and numerous injuries were detected at harvest. Those injuries were covered by visible olive-green powdery colonies typical of A. flavus. In the chronology of A. flavus occurrence, these are the first data on its very high frequency and incidence under the agroecological conditions of Serbia. As intensive infections with A. flavus were rare in the past 50 years, the level of aflatoxins in maize grain was low., U ovom radu su analizirani učestalost i intenzitet napada A. flavus i A. niger na 180 uzoraka zrna ječma, 1138 kukuruza, 283 soje, 89 suncokreta i 79 pšenice, brojnost leptira kukuruzovog plamenca (Ostrinia nubilalis), kao i njihova interakcija u zavisnosti od meteoroloških uslova u periodu 2008-2012. U agroekološkim uslovima u Srbiji vrsta A . niger je učestalija od vrste A. flavus, a u zavisnosti od biljne vrste pojavljuje se najčešće na zrnu suncokreta, zatim soje, kukuruza, ječma i pšenice. A. flavus je izuzetno bila dominantna na svim biljnim vrstama u 2012, kako po učestalosti, tako i intenzitetu napada. Ova vrsta je u 2012. godini utvrđena kod svih uzoraka soje (100%), nešto manje na zrnu kukuruza (95,3%), zatim na ječmu (65,2%) i suncokretu (57,1%) i najmanje na zrnu pšenice (45,8%). Intenzitet napada A. flavus je, također, bila veća u 2012. u poređenju sa prethodnim godinama. Neuobičajeno visoka učestalost i intenzitet napada A. flavus na zrnu kukuruza u 2012. godini bila je uslovljena izuzetno stresnim agrometeorološkim uslovima, visokim temperaturama i sušom, od cvetanja do voštane zrelosti kukuruza. Kišni faktor (Kf = suma padavina / prosečna mesečna temperatura) ukazuje da je te godine bila izuzetno aridna klima u junu (Kf = 0,57), julu (Kf = 1,45), avgustu (Kf = 0,15) i septembru (Kf = 1,42). Kukuruzov plamenac je drugi činilac koji je uslovio intenzivnu pojavu A. flavus na zrnu kukuruza u 2012. godini. Maksimalni let leptira ovog insekta utvrđen je veoma rano, posebno let druge generacije, već u julu 2012. (5.149 jediniki), a kao posledica toga u vreme berbe su utvrđena i brojna oštećenja na kojima je bio vidljiv razvoj maslinasto-zelenih praškastih kolonija koje su tipične za A. flavus. U hronologji pojave A. flavus ovo su prvi podaci o njenoj jako visokoj učestalosti i intenzitetu napada u agroekološkim uslovima u Srbiji. Intenzivna pojava A. flavus je bila retka u proteklih 50 godina zbog čega je bio i nizak nivo aflatoksina u zrnu kukuruzu.",
publisher = "Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Beograd i Društvo za zaštitu bilja Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Pesticidi i fitomedicina",
title = "An outbreak of Aspergillus species in response to environmental conditions in Serbia, Intenzivna pojava vrsta roda Aspergillus kao odgovor na uslove spoljašnje sredine u Srbiji",
volume = "28",
number = "3",
pages = "167-179",
doi = "10.2298/PIF1303167L"
}

Lević, J., Gošić-Dondo, S., Ivanović, D., Stanković, S., Krnjaja, V., Bočarov-Stančić, A.,& Stepanić, A.. (2013). An outbreak of Aspergillus species in response to environmental conditions in Serbia. in Pesticidi i fitomedicina
Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Beograd i Društvo za zaštitu bilja Srbije, Beograd., 28(3), 167-179.
https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1303167L

Lević J, Gošić-Dondo S, Ivanović D, Stanković S, Krnjaja V, Bočarov-Stančić A, Stepanić A. An outbreak of Aspergillus species in response to environmental conditions in Serbia. in Pesticidi i fitomedicina. 2013;28(3):167-179.
doi:10.2298/PIF1303167L .

Lević, Jelena, Gošić-Dondo, Snežana, Ivanović, Dragica, Stanković, Slavica, Krnjaja, Vesna, Bočarov-Stančić, Aleksandra, Stepanić, Ana, "An outbreak of Aspergillus species in response to environmental conditions in Serbia" in Pesticidi i fitomedicina, 28, no. 3 (2013):167-179,
https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1303167L . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lević, Jelena
AU  - Petrović, Tijana
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
AU  - Ivanović, Dragica
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/453
AB  - Pathogenicity of P. terrestris was determined by the Knop's medium slants method in test tubes. Isolates originated from the roots of maize (Zea mays L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense Pers.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), barnyard millet (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv.) and green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) P.B.). A fragment of a fungal colony, cultivated on PDA, was placed on the bottom of Knop's medium slant in each test tube and then sterilised a maize seed was placed 2 cm away from the inoculum. After 21-day inoculation of seeds, the intensity of the development of symptoms on maize seedlings was estimated. The reddish or dark pigment on the root, mesocotyl and/or coleoptyl of seedlings was an indicator for the infection by the fungus under in vitro conditions. Based on the pathogenicity test, the isolates were classified into the following three groups: slightly (3 isolates), moderately (6 isolates) and very pathogenic (6 isolates) to maize seedlings. The obtained results show that P. terrestris, originating from different hosts, can be a maize pathogen. These results can explain the high frequency and high incidence of this fungus on maize roots in Serbia.
AB  - Za utvrđivanje patogenosti izolata P. terrestris korišćena je metoda sa zakošenom Knopovom podlogom u test-epruveti. Poreklo izolata je sa korena kukuruza (Zea mays L.), ječma (Hordeum vulgare L.), divljeg sirka (Sorghum halepense Pers.), gajenog sirka (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench.), belog luka (Allium sativum L.), crnog luka (Allium cepa L.), korovskog prosa (Echinochloa crus-galli L.) i zelenog muhara (Setaria viridis (L.) P.B.). Fragment kolonije gljive, gajene na PDA, je stavljen na donji deo zakošene Knopove podloge u epruveti i 2 cm iznad toga sterilisano seme kukuruza. Nakon 21 dana od inokulacije semena ocenjen je intenzitet razvoja simptoma na klijanacima kukuruza. Crvenkast ili mrki pigment na korenu, mezokotilu i/ili koleoptilu klijanaca je bio indikator za infekciju gljivom u in vitro uslovima. Na osnovu testa patogenosti izolati gljive su grupisani u sledeće tri kategorije: slabo (3 izolata), srednje (6 izolata) i jako patogeni (6 izolata) za klijance kukuruza. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da je P. terrestris, poreklom sa različitih domaćina, patogen za kukuruz. Ovi rezultati mogu objasniti učestalost i intenzitet pojave ove gljive na korenu kukuruza u Srbiji.
PB  - Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Beograd i Društvo za zaštitu bilja Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Pesticidi i fitomedicina
T1  - Pathogenicity of T. terrestris on maize seedlings
T1  - Patogenost P. terrestris na klijancima kukuruza
VL  - 27
IS  - 3
SP  - 213
EP  - 217
DO  - 10.2298/PIF1203213L
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lević, Jelena and Petrović, Tijana and Stanković, Slavica and Ivanović, Dragica",
year = "2012",
abstract = "Pathogenicity of P. terrestris was determined by the Knop's medium slants method in test tubes. Isolates originated from the roots of maize (Zea mays L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense Pers.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), barnyard millet (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv.) and green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) P.B.). A fragment of a fungal colony, cultivated on PDA, was placed on the bottom of Knop's medium slant in each test tube and then sterilised a maize seed was placed 2 cm away from the inoculum. After 21-day inoculation of seeds, the intensity of the development of symptoms on maize seedlings was estimated. The reddish or dark pigment on the root, mesocotyl and/or coleoptyl of seedlings was an indicator for the infection by the fungus under in vitro conditions. Based on the pathogenicity test, the isolates were classified into the following three groups: slightly (3 isolates), moderately (6 isolates) and very pathogenic (6 isolates) to maize seedlings. The obtained results show that P. terrestris, originating from different hosts, can be a maize pathogen. These results can explain the high frequency and high incidence of this fungus on maize roots in Serbia., Za utvrđivanje patogenosti izolata P. terrestris korišćena je metoda sa zakošenom Knopovom podlogom u test-epruveti. Poreklo izolata je sa korena kukuruza (Zea mays L.), ječma (Hordeum vulgare L.), divljeg sirka (Sorghum halepense Pers.), gajenog sirka (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench.), belog luka (Allium sativum L.), crnog luka (Allium cepa L.), korovskog prosa (Echinochloa crus-galli L.) i zelenog muhara (Setaria viridis (L.) P.B.). Fragment kolonije gljive, gajene na PDA, je stavljen na donji deo zakošene Knopove podloge u epruveti i 2 cm iznad toga sterilisano seme kukuruza. Nakon 21 dana od inokulacije semena ocenjen je intenzitet razvoja simptoma na klijanacima kukuruza. Crvenkast ili mrki pigment na korenu, mezokotilu i/ili koleoptilu klijanaca je bio indikator za infekciju gljivom u in vitro uslovima. Na osnovu testa patogenosti izolati gljive su grupisani u sledeće tri kategorije: slabo (3 izolata), srednje (6 izolata) i jako patogeni (6 izolata) za klijance kukuruza. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da je P. terrestris, poreklom sa različitih domaćina, patogen za kukuruz. Ovi rezultati mogu objasniti učestalost i intenzitet pojave ove gljive na korenu kukuruza u Srbiji.",
publisher = "Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Beograd i Društvo za zaštitu bilja Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Pesticidi i fitomedicina",
title = "Pathogenicity of T. terrestris on maize seedlings, Patogenost P. terrestris na klijancima kukuruza",
volume = "27",
number = "3",
pages = "213-217",
doi = "10.2298/PIF1203213L"
}

Lević, J., Petrović, T., Stanković, S.,& Ivanović, D.. (2012). Pathogenicity of T. terrestris on maize seedlings. in Pesticidi i fitomedicina
Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Beograd i Društvo za zaštitu bilja Srbije, Beograd., 27(3), 213-217.
https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1203213L

Lević J, Petrović T, Stanković S, Ivanović D. Pathogenicity of T. terrestris on maize seedlings. in Pesticidi i fitomedicina. 2012;27(3):213-217.
doi:10.2298/PIF1203213L .

Lević, Jelena, Petrović, Tijana, Stanković, Slavica, Ivanović, Dragica, "Pathogenicity of T. terrestris on maize seedlings" in Pesticidi i fitomedicina, 27, no. 3 (2012):213-217,
https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1203213L . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
AU  - Lević, Jelena
AU  - Ivanović, Dragica
AU  - Stanković, Goran
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Tančić, Sonja
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/420
AB  - The natural occurrence of fumonisin B-1 (FB1) and its co-occurrence with zearalenone (ZEA), T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) were surveyed in 103 winter wheat samples collected after four to six-month storage in family barns from different locations in Serbia. All 103 samples were mycotoxin positive. The mean concentrations of all mycotoxins except ZEA were greater in 2005 than in 2007. FB1 was detected in 82.1% and 92.0% of all samples with ranges of 750-5400 mu g kg(-1) (mean, 2079.45 mu g kg(-1)) and 750-4900 mu g kg(-1) (mean 918.76 mu g kg(-1)) in 2005 and 2007, respectively. Moderate positive correlations were found between FB1 and DON concentrations (r = 0.56 in 2005 and r = 0.54 in 2007) and between FB1 and ZEA concentrations (r = 0.48 in 2005 and r = 0.60 in 2007), while a moderate negative correlation was detected between the production of FB1 and T-2 toxin in 2007 (r = -0.33). This is the first report of FB1 occurrence in naturally-contaminated wheat grain and its simultaneous occurrence with ZEA, DON and T-2 toxin in Serbia. Moreover, this is one of the rare reports presenting the occurrence of FB1 on wheat in the world.
PB  - Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Food Control
T1  - Fumonisin B-1 and its co-occurrence with other fusariotoxins in naturally-contaminated wheat grain
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
SP  - 384
EP  - 388
DO  - 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.08.003
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stanković, Slavica and Lević, Jelena and Ivanović, Dragica and Stanković, Goran and Krnjaja, Vesna and Tančić, Sonja",
year = "2012",
abstract = "The natural occurrence of fumonisin B-1 (FB1) and its co-occurrence with zearalenone (ZEA), T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) were surveyed in 103 winter wheat samples collected after four to six-month storage in family barns from different locations in Serbia. All 103 samples were mycotoxin positive. The mean concentrations of all mycotoxins except ZEA were greater in 2005 than in 2007. FB1 was detected in 82.1% and 92.0% of all samples with ranges of 750-5400 mu g kg(-1) (mean, 2079.45 mu g kg(-1)) and 750-4900 mu g kg(-1) (mean 918.76 mu g kg(-1)) in 2005 and 2007, respectively. Moderate positive correlations were found between FB1 and DON concentrations (r = 0.56 in 2005 and r = 0.54 in 2007) and between FB1 and ZEA concentrations (r = 0.48 in 2005 and r = 0.60 in 2007), while a moderate negative correlation was detected between the production of FB1 and T-2 toxin in 2007 (r = -0.33). This is the first report of FB1 occurrence in naturally-contaminated wheat grain and its simultaneous occurrence with ZEA, DON and T-2 toxin in Serbia. Moreover, this is one of the rare reports presenting the occurrence of FB1 on wheat in the world.",
publisher = "Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Food Control",
title = "Fumonisin B-1 and its co-occurrence with other fusariotoxins in naturally-contaminated wheat grain",
volume = "23",
number = "2",
pages = "384-388",
doi = "10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.08.003"
}

Stanković, S., Lević, J., Ivanović, D., Stanković, G., Krnjaja, V.,& Tančić, S.. (2012). Fumonisin B-1 and its co-occurrence with other fusariotoxins in naturally-contaminated wheat grain. in Food Control
Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford., 23(2), 384-388.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.08.003

Stanković S, Lević J, Ivanović D, Stanković G, Krnjaja V, Tančić S. Fumonisin B-1 and its co-occurrence with other fusariotoxins in naturally-contaminated wheat grain. in Food Control. 2012;23(2):384-388.
doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.08.003 .

Stanković, Slavica, Lević, Jelena, Ivanović, Dragica, Stanković, Goran, Krnjaja, Vesna, Tančić, Sonja, "Fumonisin B-1 and its co-occurrence with other fusariotoxins in naturally-contaminated wheat grain" in Food Control, 23, no. 2 (2012):384-388,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.08.003 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dragičević, Vesna
AU  - Ivanović, Dragica
AU  - Milivojević, Marija
AU  - Đukanović, Lana
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/448
AB  - Wheat germination could be affected by different factors, including location. Start growth of seedlings present the energy transformations and the seed substance conversion. The aim of the experiment was to examine differences in germination and growth of wheat seedlings, originating from five fields with similar characteristics, with application of thermodynamic parameters of free energy and entropy. Variations in energy and total germination of wheat seed was under 10%. After eight days of germination testing, the relation between root and shoot at level of fresh and dry matter was 1:1, while only at seedlings from one field it was 1:2 in fresh and 1.5:1 in dry matter. The present differences could be the consequence of the different energy using in seedling. Hydrolysis intensification based on spontaneous reactions and increased order in four days old seedlings could result in increased germination. On the other hand, variations in energetic potential, order degree and hydrolysis of seed substance may not take off biosynthetic reactions in root and shoot. Present data towards that variation in growth of seedlings originating from seeds from different fields could be mainly connected to variations in energy potential inputted by water, but not by synthesized substance. Minimal differences between the individual fields could affect quality of the produced seed material, what was particularly underlined by application of thermodynamic parameters as quality indicators.
AB  - Brojni faktori utiču na klijavost semena pšenice, među koje spada i lokacija. Početni rast klijanaca predstavlja rezultat energetskih transformacija i konverzije semene supstance. Cilj ogleda je bio da se ispitaju razlike u klijavosti i razvoju klijanaca pšenice poreklom iz semena dobijenog sa pet različitih parcela (koje imaju slične osobine), uz primenu termodinamičkih parametara slobodne energije i entropije. Variranje u energiji klijanja i ukupnoj klijavosti semena pšenice nije bilo veće od 10%. Nakon osam dana od početka testiranja klijavosti kod većine klijanaca je odnos između korena i izdanka na nivou sveže i suve materije bio 1:1, dok je jedino kod klijanaca poreklom iz semena samo sa jedne parcele ovaj odnos na nivou sveže materije bio skoro 1:2, a na nivou suve materije 1,5:1. Navedene razlike mogu biti posledica različitog iskorišćenja energije od strane samog klijanca. Intenziviranje hidrolize, na bazi spontanih reakcija, kao i povećane uređenosti kod klijanaca starih četiri dana bi moglo da rezultira nešto većom ukupnom klijavošću. Sa druge strane, variranja u energetskom potencijalu, stepenu uređenosti sistema i hidrolizi semene supstance ne moraju da se odraze i na biosintetske reakcije u korenu i izdanku. Navedeni podaci upućuju da su variranja u rastu klijanaca poreklom iz semena sa različitih parcela uglavnom vezana za variranja energetskog potencijala koji je unet sa vodom, a ne i sintetisane supstance klijanaca. Minimalne razlike između pojedinačnih parcela mogu uticati na kvalitet proizvedenog semenskog materijala, što je posebno naglašeno primenom termodinamičkih parametra, kao pokazatelja kvaliteta.
PB  - Društvo selekcionara i semenara Republike Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Selekcija i semenarstvo
T1  - Thermodynamic characterisation of wheat seedlings, originating from seeds from different fields
T1  - Termodinamička karakterizacija klijanaca pšenice poreklom iz semena sa različitih parcela
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
SP  - 17
EP  - 25
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_448
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Dragičević, Vesna and Ivanović, Dragica and Milivojević, Marija and Đukanović, Lana",
year = "2012",
abstract = "Wheat germination could be affected by different factors, including location. Start growth of seedlings present the energy transformations and the seed substance conversion. The aim of the experiment was to examine differences in germination and growth of wheat seedlings, originating from five fields with similar characteristics, with application of thermodynamic parameters of free energy and entropy. Variations in energy and total germination of wheat seed was under 10%. After eight days of germination testing, the relation between root and shoot at level of fresh and dry matter was 1:1, while only at seedlings from one field it was 1:2 in fresh and 1.5:1 in dry matter. The present differences could be the consequence of the different energy using in seedling. Hydrolysis intensification based on spontaneous reactions and increased order in four days old seedlings could result in increased germination. On the other hand, variations in energetic potential, order degree and hydrolysis of seed substance may not take off biosynthetic reactions in root and shoot. Present data towards that variation in growth of seedlings originating from seeds from different fields could be mainly connected to variations in energy potential inputted by water, but not by synthesized substance. Minimal differences between the individual fields could affect quality of the produced seed material, what was particularly underlined by application of thermodynamic parameters as quality indicators., Brojni faktori utiču na klijavost semena pšenice, među koje spada i lokacija. Početni rast klijanaca predstavlja rezultat energetskih transformacija i konverzije semene supstance. Cilj ogleda je bio da se ispitaju razlike u klijavosti i razvoju klijanaca pšenice poreklom iz semena dobijenog sa pet različitih parcela (koje imaju slične osobine), uz primenu termodinamičkih parametara slobodne energije i entropije. Variranje u energiji klijanja i ukupnoj klijavosti semena pšenice nije bilo veće od 10%. Nakon osam dana od početka testiranja klijavosti kod većine klijanaca je odnos između korena i izdanka na nivou sveže i suve materije bio 1:1, dok je jedino kod klijanaca poreklom iz semena samo sa jedne parcele ovaj odnos na nivou sveže materije bio skoro 1:2, a na nivou suve materije 1,5:1. Navedene razlike mogu biti posledica različitog iskorišćenja energije od strane samog klijanca. Intenziviranje hidrolize, na bazi spontanih reakcija, kao i povećane uređenosti kod klijanaca starih četiri dana bi moglo da rezultira nešto većom ukupnom klijavošću. Sa druge strane, variranja u energetskom potencijalu, stepenu uređenosti sistema i hidrolizi semene supstance ne moraju da se odraze i na biosintetske reakcije u korenu i izdanku. Navedeni podaci upućuju da su variranja u rastu klijanaca poreklom iz semena sa različitih parcela uglavnom vezana za variranja energetskog potencijala koji je unet sa vodom, a ne i sintetisane supstance klijanaca. Minimalne razlike između pojedinačnih parcela mogu uticati na kvalitet proizvedenog semenskog materijala, što je posebno naglašeno primenom termodinamičkih parametra, kao pokazatelja kvaliteta.",
publisher = "Društvo selekcionara i semenara Republike Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Selekcija i semenarstvo",
title = "Thermodynamic characterisation of wheat seedlings, originating from seeds from different fields, Termodinamička karakterizacija klijanaca pšenice poreklom iz semena sa različitih parcela",
volume = "18",
number = "1",
pages = "17-25",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_448"
}

Dragičević, V., Ivanović, D., Milivojević, M.,& Đukanović, L.. (2012). Thermodynamic characterisation of wheat seedlings, originating from seeds from different fields. in Selekcija i semenarstvo
Društvo selekcionara i semenara Republike Srbije, Beograd., 18(1), 17-25.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_448

Dragičević V, Ivanović D, Milivojević M, Đukanović L. Thermodynamic characterisation of wheat seedlings, originating from seeds from different fields. in Selekcija i semenarstvo. 2012;18(1):17-25.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_448 .

Dragičević, Vesna, Ivanović, Dragica, Milivojević, Marija, Đukanović, Lana, "Thermodynamic characterisation of wheat seedlings, originating from seeds from different fields" in Selekcija i semenarstvo, 18, no. 1 (2012):17-25,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_448 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lević, Jelena
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Bočarov-Stančić, Aleksandra
AU  - Ivanović, Dragica
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/454
AB  - A total of 41 species of fungi were isolated from seed samples of barley, maize, soybean, and sunflower collected at different locations in Serbia. The majority of detected species occurred on barley (35 of 41 species or 87.8%) comparing to soybean (17 of 41 species or 41.5%), sunflower (16 of 41 species or 39.0%) and maize (15 of 41 species or 36.9%). Species belonging to genera Alternaria, Chaetomium, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Penicillium and Rhizopus were present on seeds of all four plant species. Alternaria species were dominant on soybean, barley and sunflower seeds (85.7%, 84.7% and 76.9%). F. verticillioides and Penicillium spp. were mainly isolated from maize seeds (100 and 92.3% respectively), while other species were isolated up to 38.5% (Chaetomium spp. and Rhizopus spp.). F. graminearum, F. proliferatum, F. poae and F. sporotrichioides were the most common Fusarium species isolated from barley (51.1-93.3%), while on the soybean seeds F. oxysporum (71.4%), F. semitectum (57.1%) and F. sporotrichioides (57.1%) were prevalent. Frequency of Fusarium species on sunflower seeds varied from 7% (F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans) to 15.4% (F. verticillioides). Statistically significant negative correlation (r = -0.678*) was determined for the incidence of F. graminearum and Alternaria spp., as well as, Fusarium spp. and Alternaria spp. (r = -0.614*), on barley seeds. The obtained results revealed that seedborne pathogens were present in most seed samples of important cereals and industrial crops grown under different agroecological conditions in Serbia. Some of the identified fungi are potential producers of mycotoxins, thus their presence is important in terms of reduced food safety for humans and animals. Therefore, an early and accurate diagnosis and pathogen surveillance will provide time for the development and the application of disease strategies.
AB  - Ukupno je izolovana 41 vrsta gljiva iz uzoraka zrna ječma, kukuruza, soje i suncokreta, koji su prikupljeni u različitim lokalitetima u Srbiji. Najveći broj gljiva je utvrđen na zrnu ječma (35 vrsta ili 87,8%) u odnosu na zrno soje (17 vrsta ili 41,5%), suncokreta (16 vrsta ili 39,0%) i kukuruza (15 vrsta ili 36,9%). Vrste rodova Alternaria, Chaetomium, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Penicillium i Rhizopus su utvrđene na zrnu sve četiri biljne vrste. Vrste roda Alternaria su dominirale na zrnu ječma (99,5%), suncokreta (52,9%) i soje (50,0%). F. verticillioides (do 92,0%) i Penicillium spp. (do 57,0%) su najčešće izolovane vrste sa zrna kukuruza, dok su ostale vrste izolovane do 38,5% (Chaetomium spp. and Rhizopus spp.). F. graminearum, F. proliferatum, F. poae i F. sporotrichioides su najčešće Fusarium vrste izolovane sa zrna ječma (51,1-93,3%), dok su na zrnu soje dominirale F. oxysporum (71,4%), F. semitectum (57,1%) i F. sporotrichioides (57,1%). Učestalost Fusarium vrsta na zrnu suncokreta je varirala od 7% (F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans) do 15,4% (F. verticillioides). Na zrnu ječma utvđena je statistički značajna negativna korelacija između intenziteta napada F. graminearum i Alternaria spp. (r = -0,678*), kao i između Fusarium spp. i Alternaria spp. (r = -0,614*). Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da su patogene gljive učestale i u visokom intenzitetu pojave prisutne na zrnu važnih žita i industrijskog bilja gajenih u različitim agroekološkim uslovima u Srbiji. Neke od identifikovanih gljiva su potencijalni proizvođači mikotoksina i njihovo prisustvo je važno zbog smanjene bezbednosti hrane za ljude i životinje. Stoga, rana i pouzdana identifikacija patogenih gljiva i procena njihovog značaja u proizvodnji kukuruza, strnih žita i industrijskih biljaka, omogućuje da se pravovremeno razvije i primeni strategija za njihovo suzbijanje i ublažavanje šteta.
PB  - Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Beograd i Društvo za zaštitu bilja Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Pesticidi i fitomedicina
T1  - Distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens of some cereals and industrial crops in Serbia
T1  - Pojava i učestalost patogena semena žita i industrijskih biljaka u Srbiji
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
SP  - 33
EP  - 40
DO  - 10.2298/PIF1201033L
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lević, Jelena and Stanković, Slavica and Krnjaja, Vesna and Bočarov-Stančić, Aleksandra and Ivanović, Dragica",
year = "2012",
abstract = "A total of 41 species of fungi were isolated from seed samples of barley, maize, soybean, and sunflower collected at different locations in Serbia. The majority of detected species occurred on barley (35 of 41 species or 87.8%) comparing to soybean (17 of 41 species or 41.5%), sunflower (16 of 41 species or 39.0%) and maize (15 of 41 species or 36.9%). Species belonging to genera Alternaria, Chaetomium, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Penicillium and Rhizopus were present on seeds of all four plant species. Alternaria species were dominant on soybean, barley and sunflower seeds (85.7%, 84.7% and 76.9%). F. verticillioides and Penicillium spp. were mainly isolated from maize seeds (100 and 92.3% respectively), while other species were isolated up to 38.5% (Chaetomium spp. and Rhizopus spp.). F. graminearum, F. proliferatum, F. poae and F. sporotrichioides were the most common Fusarium species isolated from barley (51.1-93.3%), while on the soybean seeds F. oxysporum (71.4%), F. semitectum (57.1%) and F. sporotrichioides (57.1%) were prevalent. Frequency of Fusarium species on sunflower seeds varied from 7% (F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans) to 15.4% (F. verticillioides). Statistically significant negative correlation (r = -0.678*) was determined for the incidence of F. graminearum and Alternaria spp., as well as, Fusarium spp. and Alternaria spp. (r = -0.614*), on barley seeds. The obtained results revealed that seedborne pathogens were present in most seed samples of important cereals and industrial crops grown under different agroecological conditions in Serbia. Some of the identified fungi are potential producers of mycotoxins, thus their presence is important in terms of reduced food safety for humans and animals. Therefore, an early and accurate diagnosis and pathogen surveillance will provide time for the development and the application of disease strategies., Ukupno je izolovana 41 vrsta gljiva iz uzoraka zrna ječma, kukuruza, soje i suncokreta, koji su prikupljeni u različitim lokalitetima u Srbiji. Najveći broj gljiva je utvrđen na zrnu ječma (35 vrsta ili 87,8%) u odnosu na zrno soje (17 vrsta ili 41,5%), suncokreta (16 vrsta ili 39,0%) i kukuruza (15 vrsta ili 36,9%). Vrste rodova Alternaria, Chaetomium, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Penicillium i Rhizopus su utvrđene na zrnu sve četiri biljne vrste. Vrste roda Alternaria su dominirale na zrnu ječma (99,5%), suncokreta (52,9%) i soje (50,0%). F. verticillioides (do 92,0%) i Penicillium spp. (do 57,0%) su najčešće izolovane vrste sa zrna kukuruza, dok su ostale vrste izolovane do 38,5% (Chaetomium spp. and Rhizopus spp.). F. graminearum, F. proliferatum, F. poae i F. sporotrichioides su najčešće Fusarium vrste izolovane sa zrna ječma (51,1-93,3%), dok su na zrnu soje dominirale F. oxysporum (71,4%), F. semitectum (57,1%) i F. sporotrichioides (57,1%). Učestalost Fusarium vrsta na zrnu suncokreta je varirala od 7% (F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans) do 15,4% (F. verticillioides). Na zrnu ječma utvđena je statistički značajna negativna korelacija između intenziteta napada F. graminearum i Alternaria spp. (r = -0,678*), kao i između Fusarium spp. i Alternaria spp. (r = -0,614*). Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da su patogene gljive učestale i u visokom intenzitetu pojave prisutne na zrnu važnih žita i industrijskog bilja gajenih u različitim agroekološkim uslovima u Srbiji. Neke od identifikovanih gljiva su potencijalni proizvođači mikotoksina i njihovo prisustvo je važno zbog smanjene bezbednosti hrane za ljude i životinje. Stoga, rana i pouzdana identifikacija patogenih gljiva i procena njihovog značaja u proizvodnji kukuruza, strnih žita i industrijskih biljaka, omogućuje da se pravovremeno razvije i primeni strategija za njihovo suzbijanje i ublažavanje šteta.",
publisher = "Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Beograd i Društvo za zaštitu bilja Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Pesticidi i fitomedicina",
title = "Distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens of some cereals and industrial crops in Serbia, Pojava i učestalost patogena semena žita i industrijskih biljaka u Srbiji",
volume = "27",
number = "1",
pages = "33-40",
doi = "10.2298/PIF1201033L"
}

Lević, J., Stanković, S., Krnjaja, V., Bočarov-Stančić, A.,& Ivanović, D.. (2012). Distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens of some cereals and industrial crops in Serbia. in Pesticidi i fitomedicina
Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Beograd i Društvo za zaštitu bilja Srbije, Beograd., 27(1), 33-40.
https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1201033L

Lević J, Stanković S, Krnjaja V, Bočarov-Stančić A, Ivanović D. Distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens of some cereals and industrial crops in Serbia. in Pesticidi i fitomedicina. 2012;27(1):33-40.
doi:10.2298/PIF1201033L .

Lević, Jelena, Stanković, Slavica, Krnjaja, Vesna, Bočarov-Stančić, Aleksandra, Ivanović, Dragica, "Distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens of some cereals and industrial crops in Serbia" in Pesticidi i fitomedicina, 27, no. 1 (2012):33-40,
https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1201033L . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lević, Jelena
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
AU  - Ivanović, Dragica
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Tančić, Sonja
AU  - Bočarov-Stančić, Aleksandra
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/418
AB  - The frequency and incidence of fungi, as well as their interdependence, on rachis and grain of 14 wheat cultivars grown under 19 different agroecological conditions in Serbia, were studied. Out of the 23 identified fungal genera, a significantly higher number of species was isolated and identified from rachides (22) than from kernels of wheat (9). Fusarium and Alternaria species were the most frequent (up to 100 %) species on both, rachides and kernels, but the incidence of these fungi were higher on rachides than on kernels. The most frequent of the 14 Fusarium species were F. graminearum (96.8 % on both, rachides and kernels) and F. poae (93.8 % on rachides and 51.6 % on kernels). The frequency of F. verticillioides was significantly higher on rachides (64.5 %) than on kernels (19.4 %). A positive correlation (r = 0.5356 **) was established between the frequency of F. graminearum on rachides and on kernels. Furthermore, the frequency of Alternaria spp. was also statistically higher on rachides than on kernels, but the correlation was not statistically significant (r = 0.1729). The incidence of F. graminearum was negatively correlated with the incidence of Alternaria species in both, rachides (r = -0.3783 *) and kernels (r = -0.4863 **). These are the first data on the frequency and incidence of fungi on wheat rachides in Serbia, and they support the few data presented in the world literature. Results of this research could be useful for better understanding of pathways in a fungal infection and the improvement of wheat breeding for resistance, as well as, a proper application of fungicides in the wheat head protection.
PB  - Springer, Dordrecht
T2  - European Journal of Plant Pathology
T1  - Relationships of mycobiota on rachides and kernels of wheat
VL  - 134
IS  - 2
SP  - 249
EP  - 256
DO  - 10.1007/s10658-012-9982-8
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lević, Jelena and Stanković, Slavica and Ivanović, Dragica and Krnjaja, Vesna and Tančić, Sonja and Bočarov-Stančić, Aleksandra",
year = "2012",
abstract = "The frequency and incidence of fungi, as well as their interdependence, on rachis and grain of 14 wheat cultivars grown under 19 different agroecological conditions in Serbia, were studied. Out of the 23 identified fungal genera, a significantly higher number of species was isolated and identified from rachides (22) than from kernels of wheat (9). Fusarium and Alternaria species were the most frequent (up to 100 %) species on both, rachides and kernels, but the incidence of these fungi were higher on rachides than on kernels. The most frequent of the 14 Fusarium species were F. graminearum (96.8 % on both, rachides and kernels) and F. poae (93.8 % on rachides and 51.6 % on kernels). The frequency of F. verticillioides was significantly higher on rachides (64.5 %) than on kernels (19.4 %). A positive correlation (r = 0.5356 **) was established between the frequency of F. graminearum on rachides and on kernels. Furthermore, the frequency of Alternaria spp. was also statistically higher on rachides than on kernels, but the correlation was not statistically significant (r = 0.1729). The incidence of F. graminearum was negatively correlated with the incidence of Alternaria species in both, rachides (r = -0.3783 *) and kernels (r = -0.4863 **). These are the first data on the frequency and incidence of fungi on wheat rachides in Serbia, and they support the few data presented in the world literature. Results of this research could be useful for better understanding of pathways in a fungal infection and the improvement of wheat breeding for resistance, as well as, a proper application of fungicides in the wheat head protection.",
publisher = "Springer, Dordrecht",
journal = "European Journal of Plant Pathology",
title = "Relationships of mycobiota on rachides and kernels of wheat",
volume = "134",
number = "2",
pages = "249-256",
doi = "10.1007/s10658-012-9982-8"
}

Lević, J., Stanković, S., Ivanović, D., Krnjaja, V., Tančić, S.,& Bočarov-Stančić, A.. (2012). Relationships of mycobiota on rachides and kernels of wheat. in European Journal of Plant Pathology
Springer, Dordrecht., 134(2), 249-256.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-012-9982-8

Lević J, Stanković S, Ivanović D, Krnjaja V, Tančić S, Bočarov-Stančić A. Relationships of mycobiota on rachides and kernels of wheat. in European Journal of Plant Pathology. 2012;134(2):249-256.
doi:10.1007/s10658-012-9982-8 .

Lević, Jelena, Stanković, Slavica, Ivanović, Dragica, Krnjaja, Vesna, Tančić, Sonja, Bočarov-Stančić, Aleksandra, "Relationships of mycobiota on rachides and kernels of wheat" in European Journal of Plant Pathology, 134, no. 2 (2012):249-256,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-012-9982-8 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Župunski, Vesna
AU  - Ignjatović-Micić, Dragana
AU  - Nikolić, Ana
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
AU  - Jevtić, Radivoje
AU  - Lević, Jelena
AU  - Ivanović, Dragica
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/370
AB  - Analyzing 167 non-processed seed samples of wheat, it was found that 145 samples (86.8 %) were contaminated with Tilletia species, while 22 (13.2 %) samples were not contaminated. By using rep-PCR fingerprinting technique, it was found that DNA isolates of T. tritici originated from Serbian wheat samples had 80 % similarity with positive control for T. tritici. One isolate shared similarity of 60% with T. tritici, T. controversa and T. laevis. It was supposed that this isolate belongs to T. bromi. Isolate of T. laevis shared a similarity of 70 % with isolates of T. tritici and T. controversa, while T. walkeri was more than 10 % similar with T. tritici, T. controversa and T. laevis. Although T. controversa and T. tritici had high percent of genetic similarity, they were clustered separately. Our results suggest that rep-PCR fingerprinting could be a useful tool for monitoring presence of morphologically similar Tilletia species in wheat production areas.
AB  - Istraživanjem kontaminiranosti uzoraka semena pšenice teleutosporama Tilletia vrsta, utvrđeno je da je od 167 uzoraka nedorađenog semena pšenice, bilo kontaminirano 145 (86,8%), dok su 22 uzorka (13,2%) smatrana nekontaminiranim. Identifikacija Tilletia vrsta izvršena je rep-PCR fingerprinting tehnikom. Izolati prikupljeni na teritoriji Republike Srbije identifikovani su kao T. tritici, s obzirom da su sa pozitivnom kontrolom imali genetičku sličnost veću od 80%. Jedan od izolata koji je vodio poreklo iz opštine Apatin bio je oko 60% genetički sličan sa izolatima T. tritici, T. controversa i T. laevis. Pretpostavljeno je da pripada vrsti T. bromi. Genetička sličnost izolata T. walkeri i vrsta: T. tritici, T. laevis i T. controversa, iznosila je nešto više od 10%. Genetička sličnost T. tritici, T. controversa i T. laevis bila je oko 70 %. I pored visokog procenta genetičke sličnosti između T. controversa i T. tritici, napravljena je razlika među njima, što rep-PCR fingerprinting tehniku čini veoma podesnom za praćenje prisustva morfološki sličnih Tilleria vrsta prilikom kontrole kvaliteta semena pšenice.
PB  - Društvo genetičara Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Genetika
T1  - Identification of Tilletia species using rep-PCR fingerprinting technique
T1  - Identifikacija vrsta roda Tilletia rep-PCR fingerprinting tehnikom
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
SP  - 183
EP  - 195
DO  - 10.2298/GENSR1101183Z
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Župunski, Vesna and Ignjatović-Micić, Dragana and Nikolić, Ana and Stanković, Slavica and Jevtić, Radivoje and Lević, Jelena and Ivanović, Dragica",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Analyzing 167 non-processed seed samples of wheat, it was found that 145 samples (86.8 %) were contaminated with Tilletia species, while 22 (13.2 %) samples were not contaminated. By using rep-PCR fingerprinting technique, it was found that DNA isolates of T. tritici originated from Serbian wheat samples had 80 % similarity with positive control for T. tritici. One isolate shared similarity of 60% with T. tritici, T. controversa and T. laevis. It was supposed that this isolate belongs to T. bromi. Isolate of T. laevis shared a similarity of 70 % with isolates of T. tritici and T. controversa, while T. walkeri was more than 10 % similar with T. tritici, T. controversa and T. laevis. Although T. controversa and T. tritici had high percent of genetic similarity, they were clustered separately. Our results suggest that rep-PCR fingerprinting could be a useful tool for monitoring presence of morphologically similar Tilletia species in wheat production areas., Istraživanjem kontaminiranosti uzoraka semena pšenice teleutosporama Tilletia vrsta, utvrđeno je da je od 167 uzoraka nedorađenog semena pšenice, bilo kontaminirano 145 (86,8%), dok su 22 uzorka (13,2%) smatrana nekontaminiranim. Identifikacija Tilletia vrsta izvršena je rep-PCR fingerprinting tehnikom. Izolati prikupljeni na teritoriji Republike Srbije identifikovani su kao T. tritici, s obzirom da su sa pozitivnom kontrolom imali genetičku sličnost veću od 80%. Jedan od izolata koji je vodio poreklo iz opštine Apatin bio je oko 60% genetički sličan sa izolatima T. tritici, T. controversa i T. laevis. Pretpostavljeno je da pripada vrsti T. bromi. Genetička sličnost izolata T. walkeri i vrsta: T. tritici, T. laevis i T. controversa, iznosila je nešto više od 10%. Genetička sličnost T. tritici, T. controversa i T. laevis bila je oko 70 %. I pored visokog procenta genetičke sličnosti između T. controversa i T. tritici, napravljena je razlika među njima, što rep-PCR fingerprinting tehniku čini veoma podesnom za praćenje prisustva morfološki sličnih Tilleria vrsta prilikom kontrole kvaliteta semena pšenice.",
publisher = "Društvo genetičara Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Genetika",
title = "Identification of Tilletia species using rep-PCR fingerprinting technique, Identifikacija vrsta roda Tilletia rep-PCR fingerprinting tehnikom",
volume = "43",
number = "1",
pages = "183-195",
doi = "10.2298/GENSR1101183Z"
}

Župunski, V., Ignjatović-Micić, D., Nikolić, A., Stanković, S., Jevtić, R., Lević, J.,& Ivanović, D.. (2011). Identification of Tilletia species using rep-PCR fingerprinting technique. in Genetika
Društvo genetičara Srbije, Beograd., 43(1), 183-195.
https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR1101183Z

Župunski V, Ignjatović-Micić D, Nikolić A, Stanković S, Jevtić R, Lević J, Ivanović D. Identification of Tilletia species using rep-PCR fingerprinting technique. in Genetika. 2011;43(1):183-195.
doi:10.2298/GENSR1101183Z .

Župunski, Vesna, Ignjatović-Micić, Dragana, Nikolić, Ana, Stanković, Slavica, Jevtić, Radivoje, Lević, Jelena, Ivanović, Dragica, "Identification of Tilletia species using rep-PCR fingerprinting technique" in Genetika, 43, no. 1 (2011):183-195,
https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR1101183Z . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lević, Jelena
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
AU  - Ivanović, Dragica
AU  - Kovačević, Tamara
AU  - Tančić, Sonja
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Bočarov-Stančić, Aleksandra
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/242
AB  - The objective of this study was to identify crop production factor, associated with FHB development in Serbian wheat. FHB index and weight losses, varying from 16% to 74% and from 1.8% to 38.3%, respectively, indicated that enviromental conditions were the most important factor affecting disease development and yield losses. F. graminearum dominated on kernels (tip to 55.5%) and whole rachis (34.7%), while F poae was predominant on apical part od rachis (35.2%).
PB  - Cereal Res Inst, Szeged
T2  - Cereal Research Communications
T1  - Fusarium head blight and grain yield losses of wheat in Serbia
VL  - 36
SP  - 513
EP  - 514
DO  - 10.1556/CRC.36.2008.Suppl.B.43
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lević, Jelena and Stanković, Slavica and Ivanović, Dragica and Kovačević, Tamara and Tančić, Sonja and Krnjaja, Vesna and Bočarov-Stančić, Aleksandra",
year = "2008",
abstract = "The objective of this study was to identify crop production factor, associated with FHB development in Serbian wheat. FHB index and weight losses, varying from 16% to 74% and from 1.8% to 38.3%, respectively, indicated that enviromental conditions were the most important factor affecting disease development and yield losses. F. graminearum dominated on kernels (tip to 55.5%) and whole rachis (34.7%), while F poae was predominant on apical part od rachis (35.2%).",
publisher = "Cereal Res Inst, Szeged",
journal = "Cereal Research Communications",
title = "Fusarium head blight and grain yield losses of wheat in Serbia",
volume = "36",
pages = "513-514",
doi = "10.1556/CRC.36.2008.Suppl.B.43"
}

Lević, J., Stanković, S., Ivanović, D., Kovačević, T., Tančić, S., Krnjaja, V.,& Bočarov-Stančić, A.. (2008). Fusarium head blight and grain yield losses of wheat in Serbia. in Cereal Research Communications
Cereal Res Inst, Szeged., 36, 513-514.
https://doi.org/10.1556/CRC.36.2008.Suppl.B.43

Lević J, Stanković S, Ivanović D, Kovačević T, Tančić S, Krnjaja V, Bočarov-Stančić A. Fusarium head blight and grain yield losses of wheat in Serbia. in Cereal Research Communications. 2008;36:513-514.
doi:10.1556/CRC.36.2008.Suppl.B.43 .

Lević, Jelena, Stanković, Slavica, Ivanović, Dragica, Kovačević, Tamara, Tančić, Sonja, Krnjaja, Vesna, Bočarov-Stančić, Aleksandra, "Fusarium head blight and grain yield losses of wheat in Serbia" in Cereal Research Communications, 36 (2008):513-514,
https://doi.org/10.1556/CRC.36.2008.Suppl.B.43 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
AU  - Lević, Jelena
AU  - Ivanović, Dragica
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/152
AB  - Variability of some maize pathogens was identified in the last 50 years of research in Serbia, mostly by their cultural characteristics and susceptibility of test genotypes and only in some cases by determination of mating types, vegetative compatibility or biochemical methods. Although more advanced methods that can determine within population variability at the molecular level were developed, they are still not applied in research in Serbia. The highest variability was determined for maize leaf pathogens - Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard & Suggs (2 races) and Bipolaris zeicola (Stout) Shoemaker (2 races), although this variability is significantly lower than the variability of the same pathogens found in the world. Researches conducted with the aim to determine mating types and vegetative compatibility of the Fusarium species, a maize root and stalk pathogen, indicated their high variability in Serbia. Considering the pathogen ability to adapt easily and quickly to new genotypes, agro-ecological conditions and crop practice, a constant surveillance of parasite divergence and epidemiology is necessary in order to avoid detrimental consequences on maize yield and quality.
AB  - U Srbiji je u poslednjih pedeset godina istraživanja identifikovana varijabilnost nekih patogena kukuruza, i to najčešće na osnovu njihovih odgajivačkih odlika i osetljivosti test genotipova, a samo u nekim slučajevima na osnovu određivanja mating tipova, vegetativne kompatibilnosti ili biohemijskih metoda. Suprotno tome, u svetu se sve više primenjuju metode kojima se utvrđuje varijabilnost unutar jedne populacije na molekularnom nivou. Najveća varijabilnost utvrđena je kod patogena lista kukuruza - Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard & Suggs (2 rase) i Bipolaris zeicola (Stout) Shoemaker (2 rase), mada je ona značajno manja u odnosu na varijabilnost istih patogena u svetu. Rezultati istraživanja u cilju određivanja mating tipova i vegetativne kompatibilnosti vrsta roda Fusarium, patogena korena i stabla kukuruza, ukazali su na njihovu veliku varijabilnost u Srbiji. S obzirom na svojstvo patogena da se lako i brzo prilagođavaju novim genotipovima, agroekološkim uslovima i agrotehničkim merama, neophodno je stalno praćenje divergentnosti i epidemiologije parazita, da bi se izbegle veće posledice po prinos i kvalitet prinosa kukuruza.
PB  - Društvo genetičara Srbije, Beograd
T2  - Genetika
T1  - Genetic variability of maize pathogens in Serbia
T1  - Genetička varijabilnost patogena kukuruza u Srbiji
VL  - 39
IS  - 2
SP  - 227
EP  - 240
DO  - 10.2298/GENSR0702227S
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stanković, Slavica and Lević, Jelena and Ivanović, Dragica",
year = "2007",
abstract = "Variability of some maize pathogens was identified in the last 50 years of research in Serbia, mostly by their cultural characteristics and susceptibility of test genotypes and only in some cases by determination of mating types, vegetative compatibility or biochemical methods. Although more advanced methods that can determine within population variability at the molecular level were developed, they are still not applied in research in Serbia. The highest variability was determined for maize leaf pathogens - Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard & Suggs (2 races) and Bipolaris zeicola (Stout) Shoemaker (2 races), although this variability is significantly lower than the variability of the same pathogens found in the world. Researches conducted with the aim to determine mating types and vegetative compatibility of the Fusarium species, a maize root and stalk pathogen, indicated their high variability in Serbia. Considering the pathogen ability to adapt easily and quickly to new genotypes, agro-ecological conditions and crop practice, a constant surveillance of parasite divergence and epidemiology is necessary in order to avoid detrimental consequences on maize yield and quality., U Srbiji je u poslednjih pedeset godina istraživanja identifikovana varijabilnost nekih patogena kukuruza, i to najčešće na osnovu njihovih odgajivačkih odlika i osetljivosti test genotipova, a samo u nekim slučajevima na osnovu određivanja mating tipova, vegetativne kompatibilnosti ili biohemijskih metoda. Suprotno tome, u svetu se sve više primenjuju metode kojima se utvrđuje varijabilnost unutar jedne populacije na molekularnom nivou. Najveća varijabilnost utvrđena je kod patogena lista kukuruza - Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard & Suggs (2 rase) i Bipolaris zeicola (Stout) Shoemaker (2 rase), mada je ona značajno manja u odnosu na varijabilnost istih patogena u svetu. Rezultati istraživanja u cilju određivanja mating tipova i vegetativne kompatibilnosti vrsta roda Fusarium, patogena korena i stabla kukuruza, ukazali su na njihovu veliku varijabilnost u Srbiji. S obzirom na svojstvo patogena da se lako i brzo prilagođavaju novim genotipovima, agroekološkim uslovima i agrotehničkim merama, neophodno je stalno praćenje divergentnosti i epidemiologije parazita, da bi se izbegle veće posledice po prinos i kvalitet prinosa kukuruza.",
publisher = "Društvo genetičara Srbije, Beograd",
journal = "Genetika",
title = "Genetic variability of maize pathogens in Serbia, Genetička varijabilnost patogena kukuruza u Srbiji",
volume = "39",
number = "2",
pages = "227-240",
doi = "10.2298/GENSR0702227S"
}

Stanković, S., Lević, J.,& Ivanović, D.. (2007). Genetic variability of maize pathogens in Serbia. in Genetika
Društvo genetičara Srbije, Beograd., 39(2), 227-240.
https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR0702227S

Stanković S, Lević J, Ivanović D. Genetic variability of maize pathogens in Serbia. in Genetika. 2007;39(2):227-240.
doi:10.2298/GENSR0702227S .

Stanković, Slavica, Lević, Jelena, Ivanović, Dragica, "Genetic variability of maize pathogens in Serbia" in Genetika, 39, no. 2 (2007):227-240,
https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR0702227S . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lević, Jelena
AU  - Ivanović, Dragica
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
PY  - 2003
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/50
AB  - Belgrade - Zemun Seed parasites, especially of maize due to their distribution, can cause great economic losses, as their effects on seed germination and yield are adverse. Parasites developing in fields that can be seed-borne to seedlings and/or plants are important for seeds. The most important parasites of the genus Fusarium, often of the same strain, then genera Penicillium and Aspergillus are mutual for seeds of all three species - maize, sorghum and pearl millet. Some parasites can be identified on the basis of symptoms registered in fields, but the most reliable identification is obtained in a laboratory by one of the following methods: dry test, filter paper, deep freezing, washing test and on the agar. The accurate diagnostics of parasites is a prerequisite for the choice of measures of protection and their successful effects.
AB  - Paraziti semena mogu da prouzrokuju velike ekonomske štete, jer negativno utiču na klijavost semena i prinos. Za seme su značajni paraziti koji se razvijaju u polju i koji se mogu semenom prenositi na klijance i/ili odrasle biljke. Zajedničko za seme kukuruza, sirka i prosa je da su im najznačajniji paraziti iz roda Fusarium (često iste vrste), zatim rodova Penicillium iAspergillus. Na osnovu simptoma u polju moguće je identifikovati neke parazite, dok je najpouzdanije identifikaciju izvršiti u laboratoriji sa jednom od metoda: suvi pregled, filter papir, duboko zamrzavanje, ispiranje i na agar podlozi. Tačna dijagnostika parazita je preduslov za izbor i efikasno delovanje mera zaštite.
PB  - Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet - Departman za zaštitu bilja i životne sredine "dr Pavla Vukasovića", Novi Sad
T2  - Biljni lekar
T1  - Seed-borne parasites of maize, sorghum and pearl millet
T1  - Paraziti kukuruza, sirka i prosa koji se prenose semenom
VL  - 31
IS  - 6
SP  - 570
EP  - 577
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_50
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lević, Jelena and Ivanović, Dragica and Stanković, Slavica",
year = "2003",
abstract = "Belgrade - Zemun Seed parasites, especially of maize due to their distribution, can cause great economic losses, as their effects on seed germination and yield are adverse. Parasites developing in fields that can be seed-borne to seedlings and/or plants are important for seeds. The most important parasites of the genus Fusarium, often of the same strain, then genera Penicillium and Aspergillus are mutual for seeds of all three species - maize, sorghum and pearl millet. Some parasites can be identified on the basis of symptoms registered in fields, but the most reliable identification is obtained in a laboratory by one of the following methods: dry test, filter paper, deep freezing, washing test and on the agar. The accurate diagnostics of parasites is a prerequisite for the choice of measures of protection and their successful effects., Paraziti semena mogu da prouzrokuju velike ekonomske štete, jer negativno utiču na klijavost semena i prinos. Za seme su značajni paraziti koji se razvijaju u polju i koji se mogu semenom prenositi na klijance i/ili odrasle biljke. Zajedničko za seme kukuruza, sirka i prosa je da su im najznačajniji paraziti iz roda Fusarium (često iste vrste), zatim rodova Penicillium iAspergillus. Na osnovu simptoma u polju moguće je identifikovati neke parazite, dok je najpouzdanije identifikaciju izvršiti u laboratoriji sa jednom od metoda: suvi pregled, filter papir, duboko zamrzavanje, ispiranje i na agar podlozi. Tačna dijagnostika parazita je preduslov za izbor i efikasno delovanje mera zaštite.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet - Departman za zaštitu bilja i životne sredine "dr Pavla Vukasovića", Novi Sad",
journal = "Biljni lekar",
title = "Seed-borne parasites of maize, sorghum and pearl millet, Paraziti kukuruza, sirka i prosa koji se prenose semenom",
volume = "31",
number = "6",
pages = "570-577",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_50"
}

Lević, J., Ivanović, D.,& Stanković, S.. (2003). Seed-borne parasites of maize, sorghum and pearl millet. in Biljni lekar
Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet - Departman za zaštitu bilja i životne sredine "dr Pavla Vukasovića", Novi Sad., 31(6), 570-577.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_50

Lević J, Ivanović D, Stanković S. Seed-borne parasites of maize, sorghum and pearl millet. in Biljni lekar. 2003;31(6):570-577.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_50 .

Lević, Jelena, Ivanović, Dragica, Stanković, Slavica, "Seed-borne parasites of maize, sorghum and pearl millet" in Biljni lekar, 31, no. 6 (2003):570-577,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_50 .