Utjecaj vremenskih prilika na agronomska svojstva os silažnih hibrida kukuruza

Abstract

Vremenske prilike tijekom vegetacije, a posebno sve učestalija pojava ekstrema poput suše, visokih temperatura ili nepravilne raspodjele oborina tijekom vegetacije značajno utječu na agronomska svojstva hibrida kukuruza, prije svega na urod zrna i prinos biljne mase/silaže. Stoga su potrebna kontinuirana istraživanja odnosa vremenskih prilika i hibrida sa svrhom utvrđivanja stabilnosti hibrida u različitim uvjetima vremenskih prilika proizvodnih godina. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je analizirati utjecaj vremenskih prilika dvije vegetacijske godine (2017. i 2018.) na najznačajnija agronomska svojstva OS silažnih hibrida kukuruza. Pokus je postavljen na dvije lokacije (Popovac i Budrovci) po slučajnom bloknom rasporedu u tri ponavljanja. Istraživana su četiri genotipa kukuruza FAO grupe 550-650 (Velimir, OSSK 596, OSSK 617 i OSSK 635). Izvori variranja vremenskih prilika i genotipa imali su značajan učinak na istraživana agronomska svojstva. Koeficijenti varijabilnosti svojstava bili su različiti. Prosječne vrijednosti OS silažnih hibrida kukuruza kretale su se od 235 do 340 cm za visinu biljke do metlice, od 87 do 152 cm za visinu biljke do klipa, od 14 do 20 za broj redova zrna na klipu, od 38 do 56 za broj zrna u redu, od 15,2 t/ha do 21,7 t/ ha za prinos zrna s 35% vlage u zrnu te od 40,82 do 92,4 t/ha za prinos biljne mase.

Weather conditions during vegetation, particularly more often occurrence of weather extremes such as dryness, high temperatures or irregular distribution of precipitation during vegetation significantly influence on agronomic traits of maize hybrids, primarily on yield of grain and biomass/silage. Therefore, continuous investigations of relationships between weather conditions and hybrids are needed in order to estimate the stability of hybrids in different conditions of weathers during the years of production. The aim of this investigation was to analyse the influence of weather conditions during two vegetation years (2017 and 2018) on most important agronomic traits of OS silage maize hybrids. Trail was done at two locations (Popovac and Budrovci) as randomized block with three replications. Four maize genotypes belonging to FAO maturity group 550-650 (Velimir, OSSK 596, OSSK 617 and OSSK 635) were investigated. Weather conditions and genotype as a source of variation had significant effect on investigated agronomic traits. Coefficients of variability of traits were different. Average values of OS silage maize hybrids varied from 235 to 340 cm for plant height, from 87 to 152 cm for ear height, from 14 to 20 rows of kernel on ear, from 38 to 56 of kernel per row, from 15.2 to 21.7 t/ha for grain yield with 35% of grain moisture content and from 40.82 to 92.4 t/ha for biomass yield.