Impact of deficit irrigation on yield and chemical properties of soybean seeds in temperate climate

Abstract

The goal of this research is to determine the effects of different levels of water deficit (I100: full irrigation, I65: 35% deficit, I40: 60% deficit and I0: no irrigation) on yield and chemical composition of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown in Srem region of Serbia. Water deficit significantly affected the yield and chemical composition of soybean seeds. The lowest (1.63 t/ha) and the highest (3.21 t/ha) seed yields were obtained from I0 and I65 treatments, respectively. Furthermore, the highest protein (1092 kg/ha) and oil (563 kg/ha) yields were observed in I65 treatment. Lower and higher irrigation levels from I65 decreased the protein and oil yields. Our data indicated that irrigation generally increased K, P, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn and B concentrations and decreased Ca and Fe concentrations in soybean seed. It was clearly observed that full-watered treatment (I100) provided no potential benefit in terms of soybean yield and chemical composition. For higher economic yield and good nutritional quality, water-saving treatment I65 could be suitable in soybean management in Srem region of Serbia as in other regions with similar soil and climate conditions.

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da utvrdi uticaj različitih nivoa deficita vode (I100: puno navodnjavanje, I65: 35% deficita, I40: 60% deficita i I0: bez navodnjavanja) na prinos i hemijski sastav soje [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] gajene u Sremu, Srbija. Deficit vode značajno je uticao na prinos i hemijski sastav zrna soje. Najmanji (1,63 t/ha) prinos zrna ostvaren je u tretmanu bez navodnjavanja (I0), a najveći (3,21 t/ha) na tretmanu I65. Pored toga, najviši prinosi proteina (1092 kg/ha) i ulja (563 kg/ha) ostvareni su u tretmanu I65. Niži i viši nivoi navodnjavanja od I65 smanjili su prinose proteina i ulja. Naši podaci pokazuju da navodnjavanje uglavnom povećava sadržaj K, P, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn i B, a smanjuje sadržaj Ca i Fe u zrnu soje. Utvrđeno je da tretman punog zalivanja (I100) ne predstavlja potencijalnu korist u smislu povećanja prinosa i poboljšanja hemijskog sastava zrna soje. Za postizanje visokih ekonomskih prinosa i dobrog hemijskog kvaliteta zrna, tretman I65 može biti pogodan za gajenje soje na području Srema kao i u drugim područjima sa sličnim zemljišnim i klimatskim uslovima.