Effect of on of vegetation spacing: Increase in dry weight units of time - relative growth (RGR) of soybean plants

Abstract

The aim of soybean production is to achieve high and stable yields of good quality per unit area. An important role in high yields achieving has a proper arrangement of plants. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of row spacing and variety on increase of dry mass per unit time and the productivity of soybean. The paper analyzes three soybean cultivars and three row spacing. The analysis of the results showed a higher number of leaves in favorable weather conditions of second investigated year, to an average of row spacing included studies, and by varieties, which caused the development of a greater leaf area and thus directly and higher grain yield of soybean. In the first, dry year, in average for row spacing, the highest number of leaves had the seed formation stage (R5) cultivars Bosa and the Balkans in the fourth measurement, 18.0 and 18.7, respectively in the fifth measurement variety Dragana, 23.6. On average for the varieties included in the study, the largest number of leaves was in the fifth measurement (20.8) and in the square sowing (20 cm between rows). In the cultivars, largest number of leaves was observed in sowing in narrow rows (20 cm). Relative growth rate (RGR) is one of the most important parameters of the analysis of growth and represents a relative increase of dry mass per unit time. In the first, dry year the highest value of RGR were established in the first two intervals and amounted to 0.07 and 0.05 g/day. The largest soybean grain yield (4868 kg ha-1) was achieved at the narrow row sowing (at 20cm). Yields were decreased with increasing distance between the rows to 45 cm and 70 cm.

Cilj proizvodnje soje je ostvarenje visokih i stabilnih prinosa po jedinici površine kvalitetnog zrna. Značajnu ulogu u ostvarenju visokih prinosa ima i pravilan raspored biljaka. Cilj ovog rada je da se ispita uticaj međurednog rastojanja i sorte na povećanje suve mase u jedinici vremena i na produktivnost soje. U radu su analizirane, tri sorte soje i tri međuredna rastojanja. Analizom dobijenih rezultata utvrđen je veći broj listova u meteorološki povoljnijoj drugoj istraživanoj godini, kako u proseku za međuredna rastojanja obuhvaćena istraživanjima, tako i po sortama, što je uslovilo razvoj veće lisne površine a time neposredno i veći prinos zrna soje. U prvoj, sušnoj godini, u proseku za međuredna rastojanja, najveći broj listova imale su, u fazi formiranja semena (R5), sorte Bosa i Balkan u četvrtom merenju, 18,0 i 18,7, odnosno u petom merenju sorta Dragana, 23,6. U proseku za sorte obuhvaćene istraživanjima, najveći broj listova bio je u petom merenju (20,8) i to pri kvadratnoj setvi (20 cm između redova). Kod ispitivanih sorti najveći broj listova utvrđen kod uskoredne setve, 20 cm. Relativna brzina rastenja (RGR) je jedan od najznačajnijih parametara analize rastenja i predstavlja relativno povećanje suve mase u jedinici vremena. U prvoj, sušnoj godini najveće vrednosti RGR-a utvrđene su u prva dva intervala i iznosile su 0,07 i 0,05 g/dan. Uskorednom setvom, 20 cm, ostvaren je i najveći prinos zrna soje (4.868 kg ha-1). Prinosi su se smanjivali sa povećanjem rastojanja između redova na 45 cm i 70 cm.