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Intercropping: Alternative way for sustainable agriculture

Združeni usevi - alternativni put za održivu poljoprivredu

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2015
612.pdf (191.7Kb)
Authors
Dolijanović, Željko
Oljača, Snežana
Kovačević, Dušan
Simić, Milena
Dragičević, Vesna
Article (Published version)
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Abstract
World population is growing exponentially and agricultural production must meet the needs of the food. An attractive strategy for increasing productivity per unit area of land available is to intensify land use. Given that this strategy creates a number of problems in terms of the environment and yet can not meet the food needs of humanity on planet Earth, must be found alternative approaches to growing plants. One of them is intercropping - growing two or more crops in the same space at the same time. This system leads to an increase in productivity per unit area of land through better use of resources, to reduce the risk, reduce competition from weeds and leads to the stabilization of yields. Several important factors affecting the development of this system as well as a selection of compatible crops, vegetation length crop density and time of sowing/planting, as well as socio-economic status of farmers and regions. As a numeric indicator of efficient use of land commonly used land e...quivalent ratio index (LER) and on the basis of this index have shown the advantages of growing intercrops. Cereals grown merged with legumes are the best and most widely practiced types of intercrops, wheat and within the most important place belong to the maize. Precisely, in this study will be based on a review of papers that deal with the issue of growing maize intercropping system with other crop species.

Svetska populacija raste eksponencijalno a poljoprivredna proizvodnja mora da zadovolji potrebama u hrani. Atraktivna strategija za povećanje produktivnosti po jedinici površine raspoloživog zemljišta je da se intenzivira korišćenje zemljišta. S obzirom da takva strategija prouzrokuje brojne probleme u pogledu životne sredine a opet ne može da zadovolji potrebe za hranom čovečanstva na planeti Zemlji, moraju se iznalaziti alternativni pristupi u gajenju biljaka. Jedan od njih je združivanje useva (intercropping) - gajenje dva ili više useva u istom prostoru u isto vreme. Ovaj sistem dovodi do povećanja produktivnosti po jedinici površine zemljišta putem boljeg korišćenja resursa, do smanjenja rizika, smanjenja konkurencije od strane korova i dovodi do stabilizovanja prinosa. Nekoliko značajnih faktora utice na razvoj ovog sistema kao što su izbor kompatibilnih useva, dužin vegetacionog perioda useva, gustine i vreme setve/sadnje, kao i socio-ekonomski status poljoprivrednih proizvođača... i regiona. Kao brojčani pokazatelj efikasnijeg korišćenja zemljišta najčešće se koristi indeks efikasnosti korišćenja zemljišta (LER) i na osnovu ovog indeksa dokazane su prednosti gajenja združenih useva. Žita gajena združeno sa leguminozama su najpovoljnije i najčešće praktikovane vrste združenih useva, a u okviru žita najznačajnije mesto pripada kukuruzu. Upravo, u ovoj studiji ćemo se bazirati na pregledu radova koje tretiraju problematiku gajenja kukuruza u združenim usevima sa drugim ratarskim vrstama.

Keywords:
competition / intercropping / maize / plant density / yield / gustina useva / kompeticija / kukuruz / prinos / združeni usevi
Source:
Zbornik naučnih radova Instituta PKB Agroekonomik, 2015, 21, 1-2, 33-44
Publisher:
  • Institut PKB Agroekonomik, Padinska skela
Funding / projects:
  • Integrated field crop production: conservation of biodiversity and soil fertility (RS-31037)

ISSN: 0354-1320

[ Google Scholar ]
Handle
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rik_614
URI
http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/614
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MRIZP

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