Importance of IWMS for maize weed control

Abstract

Continual application of the same measures in the agricultural practice leads to the disturbances in connexions in agro-ecosystem. For the reason of damaging effects of herbicides, the combined application of the several measures for weed control, as a part of Integrated Weed Management System - IWMS is applying in the world and in our country in recent time. The concept of this system is development of the programs for weed control owing to combined or integrated application of preventive, direct, mechanical, chemical, biological and other measures. According to the presence of great number of weed species in maize crop, which have different life cycles and surviving types, it is unreal to expect that application of one measure solely could have satisfactory effect in weed control and lowering of potential weediness through the lowering of seed reserve and vegetative organs of weed plants in soil. The effect of application of the chosen measures system must not be short-lived, but it has to show results during the longer period. Moreover, it isn’t literal weed eradication, but reduction of the weed number to the level which could be tolerated by the crop, without threatening of the yield and radical disturbing of the balance in agro-ecosystem. Bearing all that in mind, the effects of combined application of the different measures of IWMS (crop rotation, tillage, fertilization, genotype choice, herbicide application) in maize weed control were analysed.

Stalna primena istih mera u poljoprivredi vremenom dovodi do narušavanja odnosa u agroekosistemu. Radi smanjenja štetnog delovanja herbicida, u svetu i kod nas se poslednjih godina sve više preporučuje kombinovana primena više mera za kontrolu korova u okviru sistema integrisanih mera (Integrated Weed Management System IWMS). Koncept ovog sistema je razvoj programa za kontrolu korova putem kombinovane ili integrisane primene preventivnih, direktnih, mehaničkih, hemijskih, bioloških i drugih mera. S obzirom da se u usevu kukuruza javlja veliki broj vrsta korova sa različitim životnim ciklusima i načinima preživljavanja, nerealno je očekivati da primena bilo koje mere pojedinačno može imati zadovoljavajući efekat u kontroli korova i smanjenju potencijalne zakorovljenosti kroz smanjenje rezervi semena i vegetativnih organa korovskih biljaka u zemljištu. Efekat primene odabranog sistema mera ne sme biti samo trenutan, naprotiv, mora da ima rezultate i na duži vremenski period. Isto tako, ne radi se o bukvalnom uništavanju, tj. iskorenjivanju korova, već o svođenju njihove brojnosti na nivo koji usev može da toleriše tako da prinos nije ugrožen a ravnoteža u agrosistemu nije radikalno narušena. Imajući sve navedeno u vidu, analizirani su efekti kombinovane primene različitih mera iz sistema integrisanih mera (plodored, obrada, đubrenje, gustina gajenja, izbor genotipa, primena herbicida) u kontroli korova u kukuruzu.