Long term effects of the application of ameliorative tillage systems on heavy mechanical composition soils in crop production

Abstract

There are around 400,000 hectares of soils with heavy mechanical composition, and the greatest part of the production area is under crops. The long term soil tillage by conventional methods (using plough) and a large number of passages of mechanization in this type of soil causes a subarable waterproof layer, with a lot of negative consequences in a crop production. This research aims at defining the impact of an ameliorative tillage of soils with heavy mechanical composition and its long term effects on distribution of nitrogen and moisture in the soil and yield of main crops in dry farming conditions. There is an increased average soil moisture in the ATS treatment, by 1.25% compared to the CT treatment. The biggest difference in yields between the ATS and CT treatments was observed during 2009/10 in wheat production, where the difference was 26.5% in favor of the ATS treatment. The biggest difference in yield was achieved in the year with the highest rainfall during vegetative growth of wheat.

U Srbiji ima oko 400.000 ha zemljišta teškog mehaničkog sastava, a najveći deo tih proizvodnih površina se nalazi pod ratarskim kulturama. Višegodišnja obrada zemljišta konvencionalnim metodama (pomoću raonog pluga) i velikog broja prolaza sredstava mehanizacije na ovom tipu zemljišta izaziva stvaranje podoraničnog vodonepropusnog sloja, sa puno negativnih posledica u ratarskoj proizvodnji. Ovo istraživanje je usmereno ka definisanju uticaja meliorativne obrade zemljišta teškog mehaničkog sastava i produženog dejstva iste na distribuciju azota i vlage u zemljištu, kao i prinos glavnih ratarskih kultura u uslovima suvog ratarenja. Primetna je veća prosečna vlažnosti zemljišta kod tretmana ATS, i to za 1,25% u odnosu na CT tretman. Najveća razlika u prinosima između ATS i CT tretmana je uočena 2009-10 godine u proizvodnji pšenice, gde je razlika iznosila 26,5% u korist ATS tretmana. Najveća razlika u prinosima je ostvarena u godini sa najvećom količinom padavina ostvarenih tokom vegetativnog perioda proizvodnje pšenice.