Occurrence of Fusarium species in maize grains for silage

Abstract

Grain samples of two maize hybrids, medium early (ZP434) and late maturity (ZP704), collected during harvest in 2008 were investigated for contamination by fungi. Grains were plated on agar media and grown fungi were identified by morphological macroscopic and microscopic characteristics on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) and synthetic nutrient agar (SNA). Species of the genus Fusarium were the most common in both hybrids, and their presence amounted to 33.89% (ZP434) and 42% (ZP704). Other fungi of genera, Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Nigrospora, Penicillium, Rhizopus and Trichotecium, were isolated from 0 to 41%. Four species belonging to the genus Fusarium were identified, of which the species F. verticillioides was the most common with 28.63% in ZP434 and 30.5% in ZP704 hybrids. The presence of F. graminearum, F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans ranged from 3% (ZP704) to 5% (ZP434), 0.13% (ZP434) to 7% (ZP704) and 0.13% (ZP434) to 7% (ZP704), respectively. Generally, the incidence of every particular fungus was higher in the late maize hybrid with a higher moisture content than in the medium-early hybrid with a lower moisture content.

Uzorci zrna dva hibrida kukuruza, srednje rani (ZP434) i kasni (ZP704), sakupljeni su u vreme berbe 2008. godine i analizirani na kontaminiranost gljivama. Zrna kukuruza zasejana su na hranljivu podlogu i razvijene gljive identifikovane su na osnovu morfoloških, makroskopskih i mikroskopskih osobina na krompirdekstroznoj (PDA) i sintetičkoj hranljivoj podlozi (SNA). Kod oba ispitivana hibrida vrste roda Fusarium su bile najzastupljenije sa prisustvom od 33,89% (ZP434) do 42% (ZP704). Ostali rodovi gljiva, Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Mucor, Nigrospora, Penicillium, and Trichotecium, izolovani su od 0 do 41%. U rodu Fusarium identifikovane su četiri vrste, od kojih je vrsta F. verticillioides bila najzastupljenija sa 28,63% kod hibrida ZP434 i 30,5% kod hibrida ZP704. Vrsta F. graminearum bila je prisutna od 3% (ZP704) do 5% (ZP434), F. proliferatum od 0,13% (ZP434) do 7% (ZP704) i F. Subglutinans od 0,13% (ZP434) do 1,5% (ZP704). Uopšteno, ustanovljena je značajnija pojava svake pojedinačne vrste gljive kod kasnog hibrida sa višim sadržajem vlage u zrnu, nego kod srednje ranih hibrida sa nižim sadržajem vlage u zrnu.