Fusarium species and their mycotoxins in wheat grain

Abstract

Incidence of fungi and concentration of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZON) and fumonisin (FB1) were studied in the grain of the winter wheat collected subsequently after harvesting in 2010. In the analyzed samples the highest incidence was determined for the species of Fusarium (84.7%) genus, significantly lower incidence was determined for the species of genus Alternaria (12.35%), and especially for species of genera Acremoniella (2.05%), Acremonium (0.65%) and Penicillium (0.25%). F. graminearum (99.05%) was the most present species of Fusarium genus, whereas the following species F. sporotrichioides (0.4%), F. subglutinans (0.4%), F. poae (0.05%), F. proliferatum (0.05%) and F. verticillioides (0.05%) were only sporadic. The presence of DON, ZON and FB1 mycotoxins was established in all studied wheat samples. DON was detected in concentrations from 123 to 393 μg kg-1 (average 214 μg kg-1), ZON from 157.144 to 471.055 μg kg-1 (average 299.934 μg kg-1), and FB1 from 2.715 to 16.488 μg kg-1 (average 6.286 μg kg-1).

Učestalost gljiva i koncentracija mikotoksina deoksinivalenola (DON), zearalenona (ZON) i fumonizina (FB1) proučavana je u zrnu ozime pšenice prikupljene neposredno nakon žetve u 2010. godini. U ispitivanim uzorcima najveću zastupljenost imaju vrste iz roda Fusarium (84,7%), a znatno manje vrste iz roda Alternaria (12,35%), a posebno iz rodova Acremoniella (2,05%), Acremonium (0,65%) i Penicillium (0,25%). Od vrsta roda Fusarium najzastupljenija je vrsta F. graminearum (99,05%), dok su sporadične vrste F. sporotrichioides (0,4%), F. subglutinans (0,4%), F. poae (0,05%), F. proliferatum (0,05%) i F. verticillioides (0,05%). Prisustvo mikotoksina DON, ZON i FB1 ustanovljeno je u svim ispitivanim uzorcima zrna pšenice. DON je bio detektovan u koncentracijama od 123 do 393 μg kg-1 (prosek 214 μg kg-1), ZON od 157,144 do 471,055 μg kg-1 (prosek 299,934 μg kg-1) i FB1 od 2,715 do 16,488 μg kg-1 (prosek 6,286 μg kg-1).