Genetic variability as background for the achievements and prospects of the maize utilisation development

Abstract

Maize is one of the most important crops, and as such, one of the most significant naturally renewable carbohydrate raw materials of energy and numerous very different products. The dominance and superiority of maize are primarily caused by the extremely wide, very diversified and enormous possibilities of its utilisation. Previous accomplishments are presented and prospective developments of the maize chemistry and technology, i.e. maize utilisation in our country and worldwide were discussed in the present study. The objective of this study was to advert to this section of science that is full of real and great challenges. Changes in the maize production and utilisation are described. Some very important questions were asked, such as: what is it that makes maize such a valuable, naturally renewable raw material, how and why do we sow maize and harvest energy and products?.

Kukuruz je je jedna od najznačajnijih gajenih biljaka i kao takav ujedno i jedna od najznačajnijih prirodno obnovljivih ugljenohidratnih sirovina energije i jako velikog broja veoma različitih proizvoda. Dominacija i superiorni položaj kukuruza uslovljeni su izuzetno širokim, veoma raznovrsnim i ogromnim mogućnostima njegovog korišćenja. U ovom radu su prikazana dosadašnja dostignuća i diskutovane su perspektive budućeg razvoja hemije i tehnologije kukuruza, odnosno korišćenja kukuruza u našoj zemlji i u svetu. Cilj rada je bio da skrene pažnja na ovaj sektor nauke koji je pun pravih i velikih izazova. Opisane su promene u proizvodnji i korišćenju kukuruza. Postavljena su i neka od veoma važnih pitanja kao na primer: šta je to što čini kukuruz toliko i tako vrednom prirodnoobnovljivom sirovinom, šta je to kvalitet zrna kukuruza, kako i zašto sejemo kukuruz a žanjemo energiju i proizvode?.