Characterization of soybean genotypes using genetic markers

Abstract

More accurate and complete descriptions of genotypes could help determinate future breeding strategies and facilitate introgression of new genotypes in a current soybean genetic pool. Genetic similarity can be estimated indirectly using pedigree data or directly using biochemical (isozyms, proteins) and molecular markers (DNK markers). The objective of this study was to characterize 20 soybean genotypes from the collection of the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, which have good agronomic performances, high yield, lodging and drought resistance, and low scattering. Genetic characterization of 20 soybean genotypes was obtained using two types of genetic markers: soybean seed proteins as biochemical markers and RAPD markers as molecular markers. Seed proteins were isolated and separated by PAA electrophoresis. Genomic DNA from these genotypes was characterised by RAPD markers with 20 selected decamer primers. On the basis of the presence/absence of bands in protein gels/amplified DNA fragments, coefficients of similarity were calculated between pairs of genotypes. The similarity matrix was submitted for the hierarchical cluster analysis of the unweighted pair group using the arithmetic average (UPGMA) method and a necessary computation was performed using the NTSYS-pc programme. The protein seed analysis and the RAPD analysis confirmed a low level of genetic diversity in soybean. The highest genetic similarity was between genotypes P9272 and Kador using both types of markers. According to obtained results, soybean genotypes were assigned in two larger groups and coefficients of similarity showed similar results. Due to the lack of pedigree data for analyzed genotypes, a correspondence with molecular marker data could not be determined.

Precizne i potpune informacije o genetičkom diverzitetu pomažu u planiranju programa rada na selekciji i olakšavaju uvođenje novih genotipova u postojeći genski pul. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bila karakterizacija 20 genotipova soje iz kolekcije Instituta za kukuruz "Zemun Polje" za koje se pokazalo da poseduju dobre agronomske osobine, visok prinos, otpornost na poleganje i sušu, uz malo rasipanje semena. Genetička karakterizacija genotipova soje izvršena je pomoću dve vrste genetičkih markera: proteina semena soje kao biohemijskih markera i RAPD kao DNK markera. Analiza proteina semena i RAPD analiza potvrdila je nizak nivo polimorfizma soje. Primenom obe vrste markera pokazano je da su genotipovi P9272 i Kunitz međusobno najsličniji. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata ispitivani genotipovi su svrstani u dve veće grupe i oba koeficijenta sličnosti dala su skoro istovetne rezultate. Za genotipove koje smo ispitivali u radu nemamo kompletne podatke o poreklu tako da nije moguće utvrditi da li klasifikacija na osnovu markera odgovara i klasifikaciji na osnovu porekla.