Variability of the number and weight of 1000 seeds of weeds present in alfalfa natural seeds from different locations in Serbia

Abstract

Alfalfa is the most significant perennial and multi-crop forage legume in Serbia. Seed production has numerous problems, which causes high variability in seed yield. One of the problems in this production is the weed seeds that are in the natural alfalfa seed after harvesting. Minimum purity must be greater than 95 %, up to 2 % of other species are allowed, and up to 0.5 % of weeds, but no quarantine weeds such as dodder (Cuscuta.sp). Weed seeds were detected in natural alfalfa seeds: Sinapis arvensis L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Rumex obtusifolius, L., Cuscuta campestris Yunk., Rumex acetosella L., Plantago lanceolata L., Plantago major L., Rumex crispus L., Galium aparine L., Convolvus arvensis L. as expected, the variability of the number of weed seeds detected from the seed lots over three years was high: CV% = 14.78 for wild sorghum – S. halepense (L.) Pers. In the 2022, to CV% = 65.47 for ribwort plantain – Plantago lanceolata L. in the 2020. For the weight of 1000 seeds of the examined weeds, the variability was determined from CV% = 5.869 for the ribwort plantain – Plantago lanceolata L. (year 2020), to CV% = 34.41 for yellow dock – Rumex crispus L. (year 2022).

Lucerka je naznačajnija višegodišnja i višeotkosna krmna leguminoza u Srbiji. Proizvodnja semena je sa brojnim problemima što uzrokuje visoku varijabilnost za prinos. Jedan od problema u ovoj proizvodnji čine i semena korova koja se nakon ubiranja nalaze u naturalnom semenu lucerke. Na drugoj strani za stavljanje semena u promet minimalna čistoća semena mora da bude viša od 95 %. Dozvoljeno je do 2 % drugih vrsta i do 0.5 % korova, ali u semenu lucerke ne smeju da budu prisutni karantinski korovi kao što su: vilina kosica (Cuscuta spp.). U ovim istraživanjima su predstavljeni rezultati varijabilnosti broja semena i mase 1000 semena detektovanih korova u naturalnom semenu pet partija semena lucerke sa različitih lokaliteta u Srbiji, tokom tri godine. U naturalnom semenu lucerke je detektovano seme sledećih korova: Sinapis arvensis L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Rumex obtusifolius L., Cuscuta campestris Yunk., Rumex acetosella L., Plantago lanceolata L., Plantago major L., Rumex crispus L., Galium aparine L., Convolvus arvensis L. Varijabilnost broja semena detektovanih korova bila je visoka za divlji sirak- Sorghum halepense. (L.) Pers. (CV% = 14.78 u 2022.), do CV% = 65.47 za uskolisnu bokvicu - Plantago lanceolata L. u 2020. godini. i za masu 1000 semena od CV% = 5.86 Plantago lanceolata L. (2020.), do CV% = 34.41 za Rumex crispus L. (2022.)