Osetljivost linija kukuruza na gajenje u uslovima niske obezbeđenosti azotom.

Abstract

Azot je važan makro-nutrijent, koji pored uticaja na život i funkcionisanje biljaka, u visokom stepenu utiče i na formiranje prinosa. Genotipovi kukuruza ispoljavaju različitu osetljivost na gajenje u uslovima niske obezbeđenosti azotom u zemljištu. Stoga je ispitivana varijabilnost reakcije 37 linija kukuruza na gajenje u uslovima optimalne (đubrenje ureom) i niske obezbeđenosti azotom (bez đubrenja). Sve ostale mere gajenja, kao i obezbeđenost ostalim elementima, primenjene su isto za celu parcelu. Prinos zrna linija je varirao 0,25-4,33 t ha-1 na delu parcele sa optimalnom obezbeđenošću azotom i u opsegu 0,24-3,88 t ha-1 na delu parcele sa niskom obezbeđenošću azotom. Takođe, masa 1000 semena je varirala 32,68-319,63 g na delu parcele sa optimalnom obezbeđenošću azotom i 31,36-312,47 g na delu parcele sa niskim azotom. Važno je istaći da je postojala visoka varijabilnost između linija u pogledu koeficijenta efikasnosti formiranja prinosa, koji je varirao 28,00-152,31%, što znači da su pojedine linije i u uslovima niske obezbeđenosti azotom uspele da ostvare i veće prinose u odnosu na gajenje pod optimalnom obezbeđenošću azotom. Međutim, navedene linije nisu imale visoke vrednosti prinosa, već naprotiv, njihov prinos je varirao u opsegu 0,27-2,08 t ha-1 na delu parcele sa niskim azotom, odnosno 0,25-1,52 ha-1 na delu parcele sa optimalnom obezbeđenošću azotom. Linije sa boljom efikasnošću iskorišćenja azota, kao i većim prinosom će biti uključene u dalja istraživanja, odnosno oplemenjivanje hibrida kukuruza koji bolje koriste azot iz podloge, čak i u uslovima niske obezbeđenosti.

Nitrogen is important macro-nutrient, which besides the responsibility for plant life and function, influences yielding in a great extent. Maize genotypes exhibit diverse susceptibility to low nitrogen level in soil. From that reason, variability in reaction of 37 maize lines to growing in conditions with optimal (fertilization with urea), and with low nitrogen (without fertilization) was examined. All other growing measures and fertilization with other elements was applied at the same manner on whole experimental plot. Maize grain yield varied 0.25-4.33 t ha-1 in the part with optimal nitrogen in soil and in range 0.24-3.88 t ha-1 in the part with insufficient nitrogen. Also, 1000 grain weight varied 32.68-319.63 g in the part with optimal nitrogen in soil and 31.36-312.47 g in the part with low nitrogen. It is important to underline that high variability between maize lines in term of efficacy of yielding was present, with values varied 28.00-152.31%, meaning that some lines under the conditions with low nitrogen achieved even higher grain yields, than in conditions with optimal nitrogen in soil. Nevertheless, these lines haven‟t got high yield values; it was in range 0.27-2.08 t ha-1 in the part with low nitrogen in soil, and accordingly 0.25-1.52 ha-1 in the part with optimal nitrogen. Lines with better nitrogen using efficacy, as well as higher grain yields will be introduced into further research, i.e. breeding of maize hybrids with better nitrogen usage from soil, even in the conditions with low nitrogen.