Tolerantnost ZP linija kukuruza na herbicide

Abstract

Visoka selektivnost prema herbicidima je jedna od važnijih pitanja u proizvodnji . Gajenje kukuruza bez kompeticijskog udela korova daje velike mogućnosti . Eliminacijom korova iz polja stvaraju se idealni uslovi za biljke . Herbicidi su i dan danas prva solucija za suzbijanje korova . Sa druge strane , linije kukuruza su osetljivije na herbicide u odnosu na hibride . U ovim istraživanjima sedam linija kukuruza je testirano na četiri herbicida na lokalitetu Zemun Polja tokom 2015. i 2016. godine . Herbicidi ( izoksaflutol , izoksaflutol + tienkarbazon - metil , nikosulfuroni foramsulfuron ) su primenjeni u preporučenim i dvostrukim dozama . Reakcija linija kukuruza na herbicide je dva puta ocenjena : u periodu od 2-3 nedelje posle primene herbicida i drugi put 2-3 nedelje posle prve ocene . Na kraju vegetacionog ciklusa izmeren je prinos zrna . Prva grupa herbicida ( izoksaflutol , izoksaflutol + tienkarbazon - metil ) primenjena u dvostrukoj dozi je izazvala blaga i veoma blaga oštećenja listova kod dve linije kukuruza u 2015. godini . U istoj godini , linija L3 je imala nešto jača oštećenja u tretmanu sa izoksaflutolom , za razliku od ostalih linija gde nisu zabeležena oštećenja . U 2016. godini nisu zabeležena oštećenja linija od ove grupe herbicida . Druga grupa herbicida ( nikosulfuron , foramsulfuron ) primenjeni u obe doze uticali su na ispoljavanje blagih simptoma kod linija L3 i L4 u 2015. godini , sa nešto jačim oštećenjima u drugoj oceni . U drugoj godini samo u tretmanu sa foramsulfuronom su zabeležena značajna oštećenja linije L3 u obe ocene . Primenjeni herbicidi nisu značajno uticali na prinos zrna u 2015. , za razliku od 2016. kada je u pojedinim tretmanima prinos zrna bio značajno niži od kontrole . Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na visoku tolerantnost ispitivanih linija na primenjene herbicide .

High selectivity towards herbicides is one of the important point in maize growing . Enabling no weeds competition gives huge advantage in maize production . Furthermore , excluding weeds from fields creates optimal environment for plant growing . Herbicides are worldwide the first tool in weed management systems . On the other hand , maize lines are , in general , more sensitive to herbicides than hybrids . In this experiment seven maize inbred lines were tested to four herbicides at Zemun Polje in 2015 and 2016. Herbicides ( isoxaflutole , isoxaflutole + thiencarbazone - methil , nicosulfuron and foramsulfuron ) were applied in recommended and double dose . Plant response to herbicides were evaluated twice ( visual estimation ) : in period 2-3 weeks after herbicide treatment and 2-3 weeks after first estimation . At the end of vegetation grain yield was measured . First herbicides group ( isoxaflutole , isoxaflutole + thiencarbazone - methil ) caused slight and very slight damages on leaves in only two lines in 2015 applied in double dose . In the same year , line L3 express medium damages in isoxaflutole treatment , with no damages in other lines . In 2016. there were no herbicides effects on tested herbicides . Second herbicide group ( nicosulfuron and foramsulfuron ) caused light damages in lines L3 and L4 ( both doses ) in 2015 , with medium damages in same treatment in second estimation . In second year , only foramsulfuron significantly influenced L3 in first and second estimation . Applied herbicides did not effects significantly grain yield in 2015 , while in 2016 only in few treatments grain yield was significantly lower compared to control. Obtained results indicated high tolerance of tested lines.