Uticaj folijarnog đubriva na sadržaj karotenoida u zrnu kukuruza šećerca

Abstract

Velika upotreba kukuruza šećerca u Ijudskoj populaciji zahteva poboljšani nutritivni kvalitet zrna. Folijarno đubrenje je agrotehnička mera koja se koristi kao dopuna osnovnom đubrenju. Folijarnom prihranom biljke se obezbeđuju esencijalnim mikroelementima, posebno u uslovima zemljišta sa nepoželjnim karakteristikama. Karotenoidi, pigmenti kukuruza, imaju blagotvorno dejstvo na zdravlje čoveka. Cilj rada je bio da se ispita uticaj primenjenog folijarnog đubriva na sadržaj karotenoida u zrnu tri hibrida kukuruza šećerca. Folijarno đubrivo je primenjeno kada je kukuruz bio u fazi 5-6 listova. Sadržaj karotenoida (lutein, zeaksantin i β -karoten) u zrnu nakon berbe u mlečnoj kao i u punoj zrelosti, određen je primenom HPLC- DAD metode. Studentov t-test pokazao je da primenjeno folijarno đubrivo statistički povećava sadržaj ukupnih karotenoida u zrnu svih analiziranih hibrida u poređenju sa kontrolom (bez primene folijarnog đubriva). Povećanje koncentracije ukupnih karotenoida u zrnu od mlečne do pune zrelosti bio je 27.44% - 38.52% i 31.78% - 57.03%, respektivno. Primenom folijarnog đubriva postignuto je očuvanje i poboljšanje sadržaja ukupnih karotenoida u zrnu kukuruza šećerca namenjenog za Ijudsku ishranu (mlečna zrelost) i semensku proizvodnju (puna zrelost). Stoga se može zaključiti da folijarno đubrenje predstavlja važnu agrotehničku meru koja obezbeđuje povećani nutritivni kvalitet tj. sadržaj karotenoida u zrnu kukuruza šećerca.

Broad usage of sweet maize in human population requires an improved nutritional quality of the grain. Foliar fertilization is a part of cropping practices used as a supplement to basic fertilization. Through foliar fertilization, plants are provided with essential nutrients, especially under the unfavorable soil characteristics conditions. Carotenoids, maize pigments, have a beneficial effect on the human health. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the applied foliar fertilizer on the carotenoids content in kernel of three sweet maize hybrids. Foliar fertilizer was applied in the 5-6 leaf stage of maize. Carotenoids content (lutein, zeaxanthin and β-carotene) in kernel harvested in milky as well as in fully maturity phase, was determined by using HPLC-DAD. According to Student's t-test (p < 0.05), applied foliar fertilizer showed a statistical enhancement of total carotenoids content in all tested sweet maize hybrids, compared to the control (no foliar fertilizer application). The increment of the total carotenoids content in kernel from milky to fully maturity was 27.44% - 38.52% and 31.78% - 57.03%, respectively. The preservation and improvement of the total carotenoids content in sweet maize kernel intended for human consumption (milky phase) as well as for maize seed production (fully maturity phase) was achieved by foliar fertilizer application. Therefore, it can be concluded that foliar fertilization is an important part of cropping practices to provide higher nutritive quality i.e. carotenoids content in sweet maize grain.