TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Petrović, S. Tanja
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
AU  - Lukić, Miloš
AU  - Škrbić, Zdenka
AU  - Mandić, Violeta
AU  - Bijelić, Zorica
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/742
AB  - In this study, a total of 30 poultry (chicken and laying hens) feed samples collected from different poultry farms in Serbia in 2016 were tested for fungal and aflatoxin contamination. Using the plate count and standard mycological methods, total fungal counts and potentially toxigenic fungal genera were determined. Natural occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was detected by ELISA (enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay) method. The total fungal count was in the range from 1 x 102 (2 log CFU g-1 ) to 1.83 x 105 CFU g-1 (5.26 logCFU g-1 ). The majority of the chicken feeds (78.57%) had the total fungal count in the ranged from 1 x 102 to 4.8 x 104 CFU g-1 , whereas in 68.75% of the laying hens feeds it was ranged from 5.3 x 104 to 1.83 x 105 CFU g -1 . In 21.43% of the chicken feeds fungal contamination reached the level above the regulation limits. Three potentially toxigenic fungal genera, Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium, have been identified. In the tested poultry feed samples, more samples contaminated with Aspergillus were determined compared to samples contaminated by Fusarium and Penicillium species. The AFB1 was detected in concentrations from 1.34 to 18.29 g kg-1 , with an average of 4.47 and 4.56 g kg-1 in the chicken and laying hens feed samples, respectively. In 14.29% of the chicken feeds, the level of AFB1 was above the regulation limits. The obtained results confirmed the importance of continuous mycological and mycotoxicological control of poultry feed, as well as need to improve risk assessments of such contaminants along the food chain.
AB  - U ovom radu je 30 uzoraka hrane za živinu sakupljenih tokom 2016. godine iz različitih živinarskih farmi u Srbiji, ispitivano na prisustvo gljiva i aflatoksina u uzorku. Primenom metode razrešenja i standardnih mikoloških metoda utvrđeni su ukupan broj gljiva i identifikovani su potencijalno toksigeni rodovi gljiva. Prirodna pojava aflatoksina B1 (AFB1) utvrđena je primenom biohemijske imunoadsorpcione metode (ELISA). Ukupan broj gljiva bio je od 1 x 102 (2 logCFU g-1 ) do 1,83 x 105 CFU g-1 (5.26 log CFU g-1 ). Najveći broj uzoraka hrane za piliće (78,57%) imao je ukupan broj gljiva u rangu od 1 x 102 do 4,8 x 104 CFU g-1 , dok je 68,75% uzoraka hrane za nosilje imalo ukupan broj gljiva u rangu od 5,3 x 104 do 1,83 x 105 CFU g-1 . U 21,43% hrane za piliće ustanovljen je nedozvoljen ukupan broj gljiva. Identifikovana su tri potencijalno toksigena roda gljiva Aspergillus, Fusarium i Penicillium. Najveći broj ispitivanih uzoraka hrane za živinu bio je kontaminiran Aspergillus vrstama, u odnosu na Fusarium i Penicillium vrste koje su kontaminirale manji broj uzoraka. Rang sadržaja AFB1 bio je od 1,34 do 18,29 µg kg-1 , sa prosečnim sadržajem od 4,47 µg kg-1 u uzorcima hrane za piliće, i 4,56 µg kg-1 u uzorcima hrane za nosilje. U 14,29% uzoraka hrane za piliće ustanovljen je nedozvoljen sadržaj AFB1. Dobijeni rezultati potvrđuju značaj stalne mikološke i mikotoksikološke kontrole hrane za živinu, kao i potrebu za usavršavanjem procene rizika od štetnih (gljivičnih) kontaminenata u lancu ishrane.
PB  - Institut za stočarstvo, Beograd
T2  - Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
T1  - Mycobiota and aflatoxin B1 in poultry feeds
T1  - Mikobiota i aflatoksin B1 u hrani za živinu
VL  - 35
IS  - 1
SP  - 61
EP  - 69
DO  - 10.2298/BAH1901061K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krnjaja, Vesna and Petrović, S. Tanja and Stanković, Slavica and Lukić, Miloš and Škrbić, Zdenka and Mandić, Violeta and Bijelić, Zorica",
year = "2019",
abstract = "In this study, a total of 30 poultry (chicken and laying hens) feed samples collected from different poultry farms in Serbia in 2016 were tested for fungal and aflatoxin contamination. Using the plate count and standard mycological methods, total fungal counts and potentially toxigenic fungal genera were determined. Natural occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was detected by ELISA (enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay) method. The total fungal count was in the range from 1 x 102 (2 log CFU g-1 ) to 1.83 x 105 CFU g-1 (5.26 logCFU g-1 ). The majority of the chicken feeds (78.57%) had the total fungal count in the ranged from 1 x 102 to 4.8 x 104 CFU g-1 , whereas in 68.75% of the laying hens feeds it was ranged from 5.3 x 104 to 1.83 x 105 CFU g -1 . In 21.43% of the chicken feeds fungal contamination reached the level above the regulation limits. Three potentially toxigenic fungal genera, Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium, have been identified. In the tested poultry feed samples, more samples contaminated with Aspergillus were determined compared to samples contaminated by Fusarium and Penicillium species. The AFB1 was detected in concentrations from 1.34 to 18.29 g kg-1 , with an average of 4.47 and 4.56 g kg-1 in the chicken and laying hens feed samples, respectively. In 14.29% of the chicken feeds, the level of AFB1 was above the regulation limits. The obtained results confirmed the importance of continuous mycological and mycotoxicological control of poultry feed, as well as need to improve risk assessments of such contaminants along the food chain., U ovom radu je 30 uzoraka hrane za živinu sakupljenih tokom 2016. godine iz različitih živinarskih farmi u Srbiji, ispitivano na prisustvo gljiva i aflatoksina u uzorku. Primenom metode razrešenja i standardnih mikoloških metoda utvrđeni su ukupan broj gljiva i identifikovani su potencijalno toksigeni rodovi gljiva. Prirodna pojava aflatoksina B1 (AFB1) utvrđena je primenom biohemijske imunoadsorpcione metode (ELISA). Ukupan broj gljiva bio je od 1 x 102 (2 logCFU g-1 ) do 1,83 x 105 CFU g-1 (5.26 log CFU g-1 ). Najveći broj uzoraka hrane za piliće (78,57%) imao je ukupan broj gljiva u rangu od 1 x 102 do 4,8 x 104 CFU g-1 , dok je 68,75% uzoraka hrane za nosilje imalo ukupan broj gljiva u rangu od 5,3 x 104 do 1,83 x 105 CFU g-1 . U 21,43% hrane za piliće ustanovljen je nedozvoljen ukupan broj gljiva. Identifikovana su tri potencijalno toksigena roda gljiva Aspergillus, Fusarium i Penicillium. Najveći broj ispitivanih uzoraka hrane za živinu bio je kontaminiran Aspergillus vrstama, u odnosu na Fusarium i Penicillium vrste koje su kontaminirale manji broj uzoraka. Rang sadržaja AFB1 bio je od 1,34 do 18,29 µg kg-1 , sa prosečnim sadržajem od 4,47 µg kg-1 u uzorcima hrane za piliće, i 4,56 µg kg-1 u uzorcima hrane za nosilje. U 14,29% uzoraka hrane za piliće ustanovljen je nedozvoljen sadržaj AFB1. Dobijeni rezultati potvrđuju značaj stalne mikološke i mikotoksikološke kontrole hrane za živinu, kao i potrebu za usavršavanjem procene rizika od štetnih (gljivičnih) kontaminenata u lancu ishrane.",
publisher = "Institut za stočarstvo, Beograd",
journal = "Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry",
title = "Mycobiota and aflatoxin B1 in poultry feeds, Mikobiota i aflatoksin B1 u hrani za živinu",
volume = "35",
number = "1",
pages = "61-69",
doi = "10.2298/BAH1901061K"
}

Krnjaja, V., Petrović, S. T., Stanković, S., Lukić, M., Škrbić, Z., Mandić, V.,& Bijelić, Z.. (2019). Mycobiota and aflatoxin B1 in poultry feeds. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
Institut za stočarstvo, Beograd., 35(1), 61-69.
https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1901061K

Krnjaja V, Petrović ST, Stanković S, Lukić M, Škrbić Z, Mandić V, Bijelić Z. Mycobiota and aflatoxin B1 in poultry feeds. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry. 2019;35(1):61-69.
doi:10.2298/BAH1901061K .

Krnjaja, Vesna, Petrović, S. Tanja, Stanković, Slavica, Lukić, Miloš, Škrbić, Zdenka, Mandić, Violeta, Bijelić, Zorica, "Mycobiota and aflatoxin B1 in poultry feeds" in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 35, no. 1 (2019):61-69,
https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1901061K . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
AU  - Lukić, Miloš
AU  - Mićić, Nenad
AU  - Petrović, S. Tanja
AU  - Bijelić, Zorica
AU  - Mandić, Violeta
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/720
AB  - This study was carried out in order to investigate the natural occurrence of toxigenic fungi and levels of zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the maize stored immediately after harvesting in 2016 and used for animal feed in Serbia. A total of 22 maize samples were collected from four different districts across the country: City of Belgrade (nine samples), Šumadija (eight samples), Podunavlje (four samples) and Kolubara (one sample). Toxigenic fungi were identified according to the morphological characteristics whereas the mycotoxins contamination were detected using biochemistry enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent (ELISA) assay. The tested samples were mostly infected with Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium spp., except that one sample originated from Kolubara was not contaminated with Aspergillus species. Fusarium graminearum was the most common species in the maize sample from Kolubara district (60%), F. verticillioides in the maize samples from Podunavlje (43.75%) and City of Belgrade (22.4%) districts, and Penicillium spp. in the maize samples from Šumadija district (26.38%). In the analysed maize samples the presence of Aspergillus species was low (0-1.78%). Mycotoxicological analysis revealed the presence of zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in all the investigated samples, except that DON and AFB1 were not recorded in the samples from Podunavlje and Kolubara districts, respectively. The investigated samples were highly contaminated with ZEA, with incidence of 100% for the samples from Šumadija, Podunavlje and Kolubara districts and 88.89% for the samples from City of Belgrade district. In addition, the samples contamination with DON was 100% and 22.2% for the samples from Šumadija, Kolubara and City of Belgrade, districts, respectively. The highest number of AFB1 positive samples was found in Šumadija district (87.5%), while in the City of Belgrade and Podunavlje districts, 55.56% and 50% AFB1 positive samples were established, respectively. Generally, remarkable infection of all the tested samples with toxigenic fungal species from Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium genera were recorded. In addition, high contamination with mycotoxins ZEA, DON and AFB1 were also recorded; nevertheless, only in one sample the level of DON exceeded the allowed legal limit (1750 μg kg-1 ) according to Regulation for unprocessed maize. Therefore, permanent mycological and mycotoxicological analyses of maize grain are necessary for risk assessment of fungal and mycotoxin contamination throughout the food chain.
AB  - Ispitivanja u ovom radu izvedena su s ciljem da se odredi prirodna pojava potencijalno toksigenih gljiva iz rodova Aspergillus, Fusarium i Penicillium i sadržaj mikotoksina zearalenona (ZEA), deoksinivalenola (DON) i aflatoksina B1 (AFB1) u kukuruzu uskladištenom neposredno posle berbe u 2016. godini i korišćenom za ishranu životinja. Ukupno 22 uzoraka zrna kukuruza sakupljeni su iz četiri regiona u Srbiji: Beogradski (devet uzoraka), Šumadijski (osam uzoraka), Podunavski (četiri uzorka) i Kolubarski (jedan uzorak). Toksigene vrste gljiva su identifikovane na osnovu morfoloških osobina, a sadržaj mikotoksina određen je pomoću biohemijske, imunoadsorpcione enzimske metode (ELISA). Ispitivani uzorci kukuruza većinom su bili inficirani sa Aspergillus, Fusarium i Penicillium spp., izuzev što u uzorku iz Kolubarskog regiona nisu bile identifikovane Aspergillus vrste. Fusarium graminearum bila je najučestalija vrsta u uzorku kukuruza iz Kolubarskog regiona (60%), F. verticillioides u uzorcima iz Podunavskog (43,75%) i Beogradskog regiona (22,4%) i Penicillium spp. u uzorcima iz Šumadijskog regiona (26,38%). U ispitivanim uzorcima kukuruza zastupljenost Aspergillus vrsta bila je niska (0-1,78%). Mikotoksikološkim analizama ustanovljeno je prisustvo zearalenona (ZEA), deoksinivalenola (DON) i aflatoksina B1 (AFB1) u svim ispitivanim uzorcima kukuruza, izuzev što DON nije detektovan u uzorcima iz Podunavskog a AFB1 u uzorku iz Kolubarskog regiona. Ispitivani uzorci su visoko kontaminirani sa ZEA, 100% uzoraka iz Šumadijskog, Podunavskog i Kolubarskog regiona i 88,89% uzoraka iz Beogradskog regiona. Isto tako, sa DON bilo je kontaminirano 100% uzoraka iz Šumadijskog i Kolubarskog regiona i 22,2% iz Beogradskog regiona. Najveći broj AFB1 pozitivnih uzoraka ustanovljen je u Šumadijskom regionu (87,5%), dok je u Beogradskom i Podunavskom regionu ustanovljeno 55,56% i 50% AFB1 pozitivnih uzoraka, respektivno. Uopšteno razmatrajući, u ovim analizama ustanovljena je visoka zastupljenost toksigenih vrsta u svim ispitivanim uzorcima kukuruza. Isto tako, ustanovljena je visoka kontaminiranost uzoraka sa mikotoksinima ZEA, DON i AFB1, iako je samo u jednom uzorku sadržaj DON premašio dozvoljeni limit (1750 μg kg-1 ) prema zakonskoj regulativi za neprerađeni kukuruz. Zbog toga, stalne mikološke i mikotoksikološke analize zrna kukuruza neophodne su radi ocene rizika od gljivične i mikotoksin kontaminacije u lancu ishrane.
PB  - Institut za stočarstvo, Beograd
T2  - Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
T1  - Toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize samples from different districts in Serbia
T1  - Kontaminacija toksigenim vrstama gljiva i njihovim mikotoksinima uzoraka kukuruza iz različitih regiona u Srbiji
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
SP  - 239
EP  - 249
DO  - 10.2298/bah1802239K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krnjaja, Vesna and Stanković, Slavica and Lukić, Miloš and Mićić, Nenad and Petrović, S. Tanja and Bijelić, Zorica and Mandić, Violeta",
year = "2018",
abstract = "This study was carried out in order to investigate the natural occurrence of toxigenic fungi and levels of zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the maize stored immediately after harvesting in 2016 and used for animal feed in Serbia. A total of 22 maize samples were collected from four different districts across the country: City of Belgrade (nine samples), Šumadija (eight samples), Podunavlje (four samples) and Kolubara (one sample). Toxigenic fungi were identified according to the morphological characteristics whereas the mycotoxins contamination were detected using biochemistry enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent (ELISA) assay. The tested samples were mostly infected with Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium spp., except that one sample originated from Kolubara was not contaminated with Aspergillus species. Fusarium graminearum was the most common species in the maize sample from Kolubara district (60%), F. verticillioides in the maize samples from Podunavlje (43.75%) and City of Belgrade (22.4%) districts, and Penicillium spp. in the maize samples from Šumadija district (26.38%). In the analysed maize samples the presence of Aspergillus species was low (0-1.78%). Mycotoxicological analysis revealed the presence of zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in all the investigated samples, except that DON and AFB1 were not recorded in the samples from Podunavlje and Kolubara districts, respectively. The investigated samples were highly contaminated with ZEA, with incidence of 100% for the samples from Šumadija, Podunavlje and Kolubara districts and 88.89% for the samples from City of Belgrade district. In addition, the samples contamination with DON was 100% and 22.2% for the samples from Šumadija, Kolubara and City of Belgrade, districts, respectively. The highest number of AFB1 positive samples was found in Šumadija district (87.5%), while in the City of Belgrade and Podunavlje districts, 55.56% and 50% AFB1 positive samples were established, respectively. Generally, remarkable infection of all the tested samples with toxigenic fungal species from Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium genera were recorded. In addition, high contamination with mycotoxins ZEA, DON and AFB1 were also recorded; nevertheless, only in one sample the level of DON exceeded the allowed legal limit (1750 μg kg-1 ) according to Regulation for unprocessed maize. Therefore, permanent mycological and mycotoxicological analyses of maize grain are necessary for risk assessment of fungal and mycotoxin contamination throughout the food chain., Ispitivanja u ovom radu izvedena su s ciljem da se odredi prirodna pojava potencijalno toksigenih gljiva iz rodova Aspergillus, Fusarium i Penicillium i sadržaj mikotoksina zearalenona (ZEA), deoksinivalenola (DON) i aflatoksina B1 (AFB1) u kukuruzu uskladištenom neposredno posle berbe u 2016. godini i korišćenom za ishranu životinja. Ukupno 22 uzoraka zrna kukuruza sakupljeni su iz četiri regiona u Srbiji: Beogradski (devet uzoraka), Šumadijski (osam uzoraka), Podunavski (četiri uzorka) i Kolubarski (jedan uzorak). Toksigene vrste gljiva su identifikovane na osnovu morfoloških osobina, a sadržaj mikotoksina određen je pomoću biohemijske, imunoadsorpcione enzimske metode (ELISA). Ispitivani uzorci kukuruza većinom su bili inficirani sa Aspergillus, Fusarium i Penicillium spp., izuzev što u uzorku iz Kolubarskog regiona nisu bile identifikovane Aspergillus vrste. Fusarium graminearum bila je najučestalija vrsta u uzorku kukuruza iz Kolubarskog regiona (60%), F. verticillioides u uzorcima iz Podunavskog (43,75%) i Beogradskog regiona (22,4%) i Penicillium spp. u uzorcima iz Šumadijskog regiona (26,38%). U ispitivanim uzorcima kukuruza zastupljenost Aspergillus vrsta bila je niska (0-1,78%). Mikotoksikološkim analizama ustanovljeno je prisustvo zearalenona (ZEA), deoksinivalenola (DON) i aflatoksina B1 (AFB1) u svim ispitivanim uzorcima kukuruza, izuzev što DON nije detektovan u uzorcima iz Podunavskog a AFB1 u uzorku iz Kolubarskog regiona. Ispitivani uzorci su visoko kontaminirani sa ZEA, 100% uzoraka iz Šumadijskog, Podunavskog i Kolubarskog regiona i 88,89% uzoraka iz Beogradskog regiona. Isto tako, sa DON bilo je kontaminirano 100% uzoraka iz Šumadijskog i Kolubarskog regiona i 22,2% iz Beogradskog regiona. Najveći broj AFB1 pozitivnih uzoraka ustanovljen je u Šumadijskom regionu (87,5%), dok je u Beogradskom i Podunavskom regionu ustanovljeno 55,56% i 50% AFB1 pozitivnih uzoraka, respektivno. Uopšteno razmatrajući, u ovim analizama ustanovljena je visoka zastupljenost toksigenih vrsta u svim ispitivanim uzorcima kukuruza. Isto tako, ustanovljena je visoka kontaminiranost uzoraka sa mikotoksinima ZEA, DON i AFB1, iako je samo u jednom uzorku sadržaj DON premašio dozvoljeni limit (1750 μg kg-1 ) prema zakonskoj regulativi za neprerađeni kukuruz. Zbog toga, stalne mikološke i mikotoksikološke analize zrna kukuruza neophodne su radi ocene rizika od gljivične i mikotoksin kontaminacije u lancu ishrane.",
publisher = "Institut za stočarstvo, Beograd",
journal = "Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry",
title = "Toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize samples from different districts in Serbia, Kontaminacija toksigenim vrstama gljiva i njihovim mikotoksinima uzoraka kukuruza iz različitih regiona u Srbiji",
volume = "34",
number = "2",
pages = "239-249",
doi = "10.2298/bah1802239K"
}

Krnjaja, V., Stanković, S., Lukić, M., Mićić, N., Petrović, S. T., Bijelić, Z.,& Mandić, V.. (2018). Toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize samples from different districts in Serbia. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
Institut za stočarstvo, Beograd., 34(2), 239-249.
https://doi.org/10.2298/bah1802239K

Krnjaja V, Stanković S, Lukić M, Mićić N, Petrović ST, Bijelić Z, Mandić V. Toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize samples from different districts in Serbia. in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry. 2018;34(2):239-249.
doi:10.2298/bah1802239K .

Krnjaja, Vesna, Stanković, Slavica, Lukić, Miloš, Mićić, Nenad, Petrović, S. Tanja, Bijelić, Zorica, Mandić, Violeta, "Toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize samples from different districts in Serbia" in Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 34, no. 2 (2018):239-249,
https://doi.org/10.2298/bah1802239K . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Mandić, Violeta
AU  - Bijelić, Zorica
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
AU  - Obradović, Ana
AU  - Petrović, S. Tanja
AU  - Božić, Manja
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/702
AB  - Fusarium graminearum as the main causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and its ability to produce trichothecenes was investigated by molecular techniques. A total of 37 strains isolated from the wheat, harvested in Serbia in 2005, 2008 and 2015, and previously designated by morphological observation as F. graminearum, were used for trichothecene genotypes characterization. The strains were identified using the species-specific primer set FG16R/FG16F while genotypic characterization was done using specific TRI13 and TRI3 sequences of the trichothecene gene clusters. The PCR assays identified all strains as species of F. graminearum sensu stricto with the DON/15-ADON genotype. The quantification of the mycotoxin (DON) was performed using the biochemical assay. The high levels of DON (>20,000 mu g kg(-1)) were recorded in all of the strains from 2005, four strains from 2008 and two strains from 2015. Weather data of the investigated seasons, showed that the optimal temperature, frequent rains and high relative humidity (RH) was very favourable for the development of F. graminearum, affecting the DON biosynthesis.
PB  - Mdpi, Basel
T2  - Toxins
T1  - Trichothecene Genotypes of Fusarium graminearum Populations Isolated from Winter Wheat Crops in Serbia
VL  - 10
IS  - 11
DO  - 10.3390/toxins10110460
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krnjaja, Vesna and Mandić, Violeta and Bijelić, Zorica and Stanković, Slavica and Obradović, Ana and Petrović, S. Tanja and Božić, Manja",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Fusarium graminearum as the main causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and its ability to produce trichothecenes was investigated by molecular techniques. A total of 37 strains isolated from the wheat, harvested in Serbia in 2005, 2008 and 2015, and previously designated by morphological observation as F. graminearum, were used for trichothecene genotypes characterization. The strains were identified using the species-specific primer set FG16R/FG16F while genotypic characterization was done using specific TRI13 and TRI3 sequences of the trichothecene gene clusters. The PCR assays identified all strains as species of F. graminearum sensu stricto with the DON/15-ADON genotype. The quantification of the mycotoxin (DON) was performed using the biochemical assay. The high levels of DON (>20,000 mu g kg(-1)) were recorded in all of the strains from 2005, four strains from 2008 and two strains from 2015. Weather data of the investigated seasons, showed that the optimal temperature, frequent rains and high relative humidity (RH) was very favourable for the development of F. graminearum, affecting the DON biosynthesis.",
publisher = "Mdpi, Basel",
journal = "Toxins",
title = "Trichothecene Genotypes of Fusarium graminearum Populations Isolated from Winter Wheat Crops in Serbia",
volume = "10",
number = "11",
doi = "10.3390/toxins10110460"
}

Krnjaja, V., Mandić, V., Bijelić, Z., Stanković, S., Obradović, A., Petrović, S. T.,& Božić, M.. (2018). Trichothecene Genotypes of Fusarium graminearum Populations Isolated from Winter Wheat Crops in Serbia. in Toxins
Mdpi, Basel., 10(11).
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10110460

Krnjaja V, Mandić V, Bijelić Z, Stanković S, Obradović A, Petrović ST, Božić M. Trichothecene Genotypes of Fusarium graminearum Populations Isolated from Winter Wheat Crops in Serbia. in Toxins. 2018;10(11).
doi:10.3390/toxins10110460 .

Krnjaja, Vesna, Mandić, Violeta, Bijelić, Zorica, Stanković, Slavica, Obradović, Ana, Petrović, S. Tanja, Božić, Manja, "Trichothecene Genotypes of Fusarium graminearum Populations Isolated from Winter Wheat Crops in Serbia" in Toxins, 10, no. 11 (2018),
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10110460 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Mandić, Violeta
AU  - Lević, Jelena
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
AU  - Obradović, Ana
AU  - Petrović, S. Tanja
AU  - Vasić, Tanja
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/602
AB  - In this study, the influence of nitrogen (N)-fertilization on Fusarium head blight (FHB) intensity (disease index), spike weight (SW), grain weight per spike (GWS), fungal incidence and deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) contamination was evaluated in winter wheat after artificial inoculation with Fuserium graminearum under field conditions. The trial was conducted using two Serbian wheat cultivars (Pobeda and Renesansa) during two growing seasons (2010-2011 and 2011-2012). Three nitrogen rates, 0, 75 and 150 kg N ha(-1) were evaluated. Nitrogen at higher rates (75 and 150 kg ha(-1)) significantly increased SW and GWS in 2011 but there was no significant impact on FHB index in both growing seasons. ;Cultivars did not differ significantly in SW and GWS; however, FHB index was significantly higher (P = 0.05) in Renesansa in 2012. The effect of N rates was not significant on incidence of F. graminearum and DON and ZON levels in wheat kernels in 2011, but it was significant (P  lt = 0.01) in 2012 in which the highest level of incidence of E graminearum and mycotoxins was observed in the treatment with 150 kg N ha(-1). In both growing seasons, the effects of cultivar and spike treatments were significant (P  lt = 0.01) for DON, whereas these effects were not significant for ZON in 2011. Higher levels of DON were observed in Pobeda, whereas Renesansa had higher levels of ZON. Furthermore, there were higher levels of DON and ZON in inoculated than non-inoculated spikes in both growing seasons. These results indicated that nitrogen fertilization did not increase FHB intensity in both growing seasons and did not increase levels of DON and ZON in 2011. On the other hand, artificial inoculation significantly increased FHB index in both growing seasons, resulting in greater contamination of kernels with E graminearum and mycotoxins, in particular DON. Although the two cultivars differed in their effects on some of the investigated parameters, both were susceptible to FHB and mycotoxin accumulation, in particular DON.
PB  - Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Crop Protection
T1  - Influence of N-fertilization on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin levels in winter wheat
VL  - 67
SP  - 251
EP  - 256
DO  - 10.1016/j.cropro.2014.11.001
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krnjaja, Vesna and Mandić, Violeta and Lević, Jelena and Stanković, Slavica and Obradović, Ana and Petrović, S. Tanja and Vasić, Tanja",
year = "2015",
abstract = "In this study, the influence of nitrogen (N)-fertilization on Fusarium head blight (FHB) intensity (disease index), spike weight (SW), grain weight per spike (GWS), fungal incidence and deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) contamination was evaluated in winter wheat after artificial inoculation with Fuserium graminearum under field conditions. The trial was conducted using two Serbian wheat cultivars (Pobeda and Renesansa) during two growing seasons (2010-2011 and 2011-2012). Three nitrogen rates, 0, 75 and 150 kg N ha(-1) were evaluated. Nitrogen at higher rates (75 and 150 kg ha(-1)) significantly increased SW and GWS in 2011 but there was no significant impact on FHB index in both growing seasons. ;Cultivars did not differ significantly in SW and GWS; however, FHB index was significantly higher (P = 0.05) in Renesansa in 2012. The effect of N rates was not significant on incidence of F. graminearum and DON and ZON levels in wheat kernels in 2011, but it was significant (P  lt = 0.01) in 2012 in which the highest level of incidence of E graminearum and mycotoxins was observed in the treatment with 150 kg N ha(-1). In both growing seasons, the effects of cultivar and spike treatments were significant (P  lt = 0.01) for DON, whereas these effects were not significant for ZON in 2011. Higher levels of DON were observed in Pobeda, whereas Renesansa had higher levels of ZON. Furthermore, there were higher levels of DON and ZON in inoculated than non-inoculated spikes in both growing seasons. These results indicated that nitrogen fertilization did not increase FHB intensity in both growing seasons and did not increase levels of DON and ZON in 2011. On the other hand, artificial inoculation significantly increased FHB index in both growing seasons, resulting in greater contamination of kernels with E graminearum and mycotoxins, in particular DON. Although the two cultivars differed in their effects on some of the investigated parameters, both were susceptible to FHB and mycotoxin accumulation, in particular DON.",
publisher = "Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Crop Protection",
title = "Influence of N-fertilization on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin levels in winter wheat",
volume = "67",
pages = "251-256",
doi = "10.1016/j.cropro.2014.11.001"
}

Krnjaja, V., Mandić, V., Lević, J., Stanković, S., Obradović, A., Petrović, S. T.,& Vasić, T.. (2015). Influence of N-fertilization on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin levels in winter wheat. in Crop Protection
Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford., 67, 251-256.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2014.11.001

Krnjaja V, Mandić V, Lević J, Stanković S, Obradović A, Petrović ST, Vasić T. Influence of N-fertilization on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin levels in winter wheat. in Crop Protection. 2015;67:251-256.
doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2014.11.001 .

Krnjaja, Vesna, Mandić, Violeta, Lević, Jelena, Stanković, Slavica, Obradović, Ana, Petrović, S. Tanja, Vasić, Tanja, "Influence of N-fertilization on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin levels in winter wheat" in Crop Protection, 67 (2015):251-256,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2014.11.001 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krnjaja, Vesna
AU  - Lević, Jelena
AU  - Stanković, Slavica
AU  - Petrović, S. Tanja
AU  - Lukić, Miloš
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://rik.mrizp.rs/handle/123456789/516
AB  - Incidence of toxigenic fungi (molds) and concentration of mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZON) and fumonisin (FB1) were studied in the maize grains collected immediately after harvesting in 2012. A total of 29 maize samples were analyzed and the highest incidence was determined for fungal species of Rhizopus (56.41%), Aspergillus (43.66%) and Fusarium (14.97%) genera. Significantly lower incidence was obtained for species of genus Penicillium (3.31%), and especially for species of genera Acremonium (1.38%), Alternaria (0.75%) and Cladosporium (0.14%). Among toxigenic fungi Aspergillus flavus (36.69%) was the most common species of Aspergillus genus, whereas the Fusarium verticillioides with 14.69% of incidence was the predominant species of Fusarium genus. In all studied maize samples, the presence of AFB1, ZON and FB1 mycotoxins was established, except for DON which was established in 75.86% samples. AFB1 was detected in average concentration of 13.95 μg kg-1 for 44.83% of samples, and average concentration higher than 40 μg kg-1 for 55.17% of samples. The average concentrations of DON which was detected was 235 μg kg-1, while it was 98.38 μg kg-1 and 3590 μg kg-1 for the presence of ZON and FB1, respectively. Moderate positive correlation was obtained between concentrations of AFB1 and FB1 (r=0.35), while weak positive correlation was established between concentrations ZON and DON (r=0.02).
AB  - Učestalost toksigenih gljiva (plesni) i koncentracija mikotoksina aflatoksina B1 (AFB1), deoksinivalenola (DON), zearalenona (ZON) i fumonizina B1 (FB1) je proučavana u uzorcima zrna kukuruza prikupljenim odmah posle berbe u 2012. godini. U ispitivanih 29 uzoraka najveću zastupljenost imaju vrste iz rodova Rhizopus (56,41%), Aspergillus (43,66%) i Fusarium (14,97%). Značajno niža učestalost ustanovljena je za vrste roda Penicillium (3.31%), a posebno za vrste iz rodova Alternaria (0,75%) i Cladosporium (0,14%). Među toksigenim vrstama, A. flavus (36,69%) je bila najučestalija vrsta iz roda Aspergillus, dok je F. verticillioides sa prisustvom od 14,69% bila dominantna vrsta roda Fusarium. U svim ispitivanim uzorcima kukuruza ustanovljeno je prisustvo mikotoksina AFB1, ZON-a i FB1 (100%), osim DON-a koji je bio prisutan u 75,86% uzoraka. AFB1 je detektovan u prosečnoj koncentraciji od 13,95 μg kg-1 u 44,83% uzoraka i u prosečnoj koncentraciji od više od 40 μg kg-1 u 55,17% uzoraka. Prosečna koncentracija DON-a je bila 235 μg kg-1, ZON-a 98,38 μg kg-1 i FB1 3590 μg kg-1. Srednja pozitivna korelacija ustanovljena je između koncentracija AFB1 i FB1 (r=0,35), dok je slaba pozitivna korelacija utvrđena između koncentracija ZON-a i DON-a (r=0,02).
PB  - Matica srpska, Novi Sad
T2  - Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke
T1  - Molds and mycotoxins in freshly harvested maize
T1  - Plesni i mikotoksini u zrnu kukuruza posle berbe
IS  - 124
SP  - 111
EP  - 119
DO  - 10.2298/ZMSPN1324111K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Krnjaja, Vesna and Lević, Jelena and Stanković, Slavica and Petrović, S. Tanja and Lukić, Miloš",
year = "2013",
abstract = "Incidence of toxigenic fungi (molds) and concentration of mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZON) and fumonisin (FB1) were studied in the maize grains collected immediately after harvesting in 2012. A total of 29 maize samples were analyzed and the highest incidence was determined for fungal species of Rhizopus (56.41%), Aspergillus (43.66%) and Fusarium (14.97%) genera. Significantly lower incidence was obtained for species of genus Penicillium (3.31%), and especially for species of genera Acremonium (1.38%), Alternaria (0.75%) and Cladosporium (0.14%). Among toxigenic fungi Aspergillus flavus (36.69%) was the most common species of Aspergillus genus, whereas the Fusarium verticillioides with 14.69% of incidence was the predominant species of Fusarium genus. In all studied maize samples, the presence of AFB1, ZON and FB1 mycotoxins was established, except for DON which was established in 75.86% samples. AFB1 was detected in average concentration of 13.95 μg kg-1 for 44.83% of samples, and average concentration higher than 40 μg kg-1 for 55.17% of samples. The average concentrations of DON which was detected was 235 μg kg-1, while it was 98.38 μg kg-1 and 3590 μg kg-1 for the presence of ZON and FB1, respectively. Moderate positive correlation was obtained between concentrations of AFB1 and FB1 (r=0.35), while weak positive correlation was established between concentrations ZON and DON (r=0.02)., Učestalost toksigenih gljiva (plesni) i koncentracija mikotoksina aflatoksina B1 (AFB1), deoksinivalenola (DON), zearalenona (ZON) i fumonizina B1 (FB1) je proučavana u uzorcima zrna kukuruza prikupljenim odmah posle berbe u 2012. godini. U ispitivanih 29 uzoraka najveću zastupljenost imaju vrste iz rodova Rhizopus (56,41%), Aspergillus (43,66%) i Fusarium (14,97%). Značajno niža učestalost ustanovljena je za vrste roda Penicillium (3.31%), a posebno za vrste iz rodova Alternaria (0,75%) i Cladosporium (0,14%). Među toksigenim vrstama, A. flavus (36,69%) je bila najučestalija vrsta iz roda Aspergillus, dok je F. verticillioides sa prisustvom od 14,69% bila dominantna vrsta roda Fusarium. U svim ispitivanim uzorcima kukuruza ustanovljeno je prisustvo mikotoksina AFB1, ZON-a i FB1 (100%), osim DON-a koji je bio prisutan u 75,86% uzoraka. AFB1 je detektovan u prosečnoj koncentraciji od 13,95 μg kg-1 u 44,83% uzoraka i u prosečnoj koncentraciji od više od 40 μg kg-1 u 55,17% uzoraka. Prosečna koncentracija DON-a je bila 235 μg kg-1, ZON-a 98,38 μg kg-1 i FB1 3590 μg kg-1. Srednja pozitivna korelacija ustanovljena je između koncentracija AFB1 i FB1 (r=0,35), dok je slaba pozitivna korelacija utvrđena između koncentracija ZON-a i DON-a (r=0,02).",
publisher = "Matica srpska, Novi Sad",
journal = "Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke",
title = "Molds and mycotoxins in freshly harvested maize, Plesni i mikotoksini u zrnu kukuruza posle berbe",
number = "124",
pages = "111-119",
doi = "10.2298/ZMSPN1324111K"
}

Krnjaja, V., Lević, J., Stanković, S., Petrović, S. T.,& Lukić, M.. (2013). Molds and mycotoxins in freshly harvested maize. in Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke
Matica srpska, Novi Sad.(124), 111-119.
https://doi.org/10.2298/ZMSPN1324111K

Krnjaja V, Lević J, Stanković S, Petrović ST, Lukić M. Molds and mycotoxins in freshly harvested maize. in Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke. 2013;(124):111-119.
doi:10.2298/ZMSPN1324111K .

Krnjaja, Vesna, Lević, Jelena, Stanković, Slavica, Petrović, S. Tanja, Lukić, Miloš, "Molds and mycotoxins in freshly harvested maize" in Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 124 (2013):111-119,
https://doi.org/10.2298/ZMSPN1324111K . .