Jasminka – nova sorta soje Instituta za kukuruz „Zemun Polje“

Abstract

Oplemenjivački rad na soji u Institutu za kukuruz „Zemun Polje“ za cilj ima stvaranje sorti standardnog kvaliteta zrna visokog i stabilnog prinosa, tolerantnih na abiotičke i biotičke faktore spoljašnje sredine, te otpornih prema poleganju i pucanju mahuna. Kao rezultat ovog procesa, u toku 2023. godine priznata je sorta soje “Jasminka”. Kao početni materijal za dobijanje varijabilnosti segregirajuće populacije korišćeni su domaći genotipovi soje, a primenjen je pedigree metod selekcije. Sorta pripada grupi zrenja I, sa dužinom vegetacije od oko 125 dana, zavisno od temperaturne sume i obezbeđenosti vlagom u toku vegetacione sezone. Preporučeno vreme setve je polovina aprila, a optimalna gustina useva 450000 biljaka/ha. U sortnim ogledima Odseka za priznavanje sorti, Uprave za zaštitu bilja Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije izvedenim u toku 2021. i 2022. godine na četiri lokaliteta, ostvarila je prosečan prinos od 2,71 t/ha. S obzirom da su obe godine ispitivanja bile nepovoljne za gajenje soje (suša u 2022.), sorta je ispoljila i dobru toleranciju na deficit vlage. Masa 1000 zrna iznosi oko 200 g. Sadržaj proteina u zrnu je visok i iznosi 43,3%, dok je sadržaj ulja na zadovoljavajućem nivou (19,7%). Sorta se odlikuje srednje visokim stablom (90- 110 cm) indeterminantnog tipa porasta, uspravnim habitusom, sivim maljama i ljubičastim cvetom. Mahuna je svetlo braon boje, a seme je žute semenjače i svetlo braon hiluma. Sorta se odlikuje dobrom otpornošću na poleganje, te je pogodna za gajenje u uslovima navodnjavanja.

Soybean breeding program at the Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje aims to create varieties of standard grain type, with high and stable yield and good tolerance to abiotic and biotic factors of the environment, resistant to lodging and shattering, with special emphasis on short and mid-season varieties. As a result of this program, a new soybean variety “Jasminka” was released in year 2023. Domestic, well adapted soybean genotypes were used as parental material for developing the variability of the segregating population, and the pedigree method of selection was applied. The variety belongs to maturity group I, with 125 days to maturity, depending on the sum of active temperatures and water supply during the season. The recommended sowing time is mid-April, and the optimal crop density is 450000 plants/ha. In variety trials of the Department for Recognition of Varieties, Directorate for Plant Protection of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia conducted in 2021 and 2022 at four locations,” Jasminka” achieved an average yield of 2.71 t/ha. Despite the fact that both years of testing were unfavourable for soybean production (drought in 2022), the variety showed good tolerance to soil moisture deficit. A 1000-seed weight is around 200 g. The protein content in the grain is high and amounts to 43.3%, while the oil content is at a satisfactory level (19.7%). A new variety has medium-high stem (90-110 cm), indeterminate type of growth, erect habit, gray pubescence and a purple flower. Pods are a light brown, and the seed coat is yellow with a yellow hilum. The variety has good resistance to shattering and lodging, and is suitable for growing in irrigation system.