Ambrosia artemisiifolia: Distribution and suppression in maize
Ambrosia artemisiifolia - zastupljenost i suzbijanje u kukuruzu
Апстракт
This study presents a brief survey of biological properties and the distribution of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., an invasive and economically very important weed species. The distribution within the floristic composition and the structure of maize weed communities were analyzed. The trials were performed during the period 1995 to 2005. During 2002, a trial with herbicide combinations was set up with the aim to monitor a possibility of A. artemisiifolia suppression. A great number of weed plants was estimated per area unit in each trial variant. The distribution of the species, expressed by the number of plants, ranged from 0.4 to 29.3 plants m-2, depending on a year, or 5.1 plants m-2 on the average. Moreover, an average fresh weight of A. artemisiifolia amounted to 52.3 g m-2. The efficacy of observed herbicide combinations, applied after sowing and before weed emergence, and after maize emergence, in relation to both, the number of plants and the weed fresh weight, was over 90% during... the whole growing period, except for certain cases. Even better results in control of this species were achieved by combining the herbicide application with other measures (maize growth density and irrigation). Considering each stated fact, all cultivation measures should be applied in suppression of the species A. artemisiifolia, in order to obtain results as good as possible. Therefore, it is primarily necessary to monitor, in an organized manner, a range of its distribution.
U radu se daje prikaz bioloških osobina i rasprostranjenosti Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., invazivne i ekonomski vrlo značajne korovske vrste. Analizirana je zastupljenost u florističkom sastavu i građi korovske zajednice kukuruza. Ispitivanja su obavljena u uslovima degradiranog černozema Zemun Polja, u periodu 1995-2005. godine. Ogled sa herbicidnim kombinacijama, u cilju suzbijanja A. artemisiifolia, postavljen je 2002. godine. Zakorovljenost se kretala od 0,4 do 29,3 jedinki po m2 (prosek 5,1 jedinki po m2). Prosečna sveža masa A. artemisiifolia je iznosila 52,3 g m-2. Efikasnost ispitivanih kombinacija, primenjenih posle setve, a pre i posle nicanja kukuruza, kako u odnosu na broj jedinki, tako i masu korova, bila je preko 90%. Kombinovanjem agrotehničkih mera, sa primenom herbicida, dobijeni su još bolji rezultati u suzbijanju. Potrebno je organizovano pratiti areal njenog rasprostranjenja i blagovremeno preduzimati odgovarajuće mere suzbijanja.
Кључне речи:
ragweed / Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. / biology / distribution / suppression / ambrozija / Ambrosia artemisiifolia / biologija / rasprostranjenost / suzbijanjeИзвор:
Biljni lekar, 2006, 34, 6, 451-458Издавач:
- Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet - Departman za zaštitu bilja i životne sredine "dr Pavla Vukasovića", Novi Sad