Združivanje useva prosa i soje za proizvodnju biomase

Abstract

Sustainable agriculture considers production of high quality food and feed with minimal impact on environment. Intercropping is one of the most efficient ways to produce valuable biomass for animal feed rich in nutrients. Intercrop combinations: alternating rows of soybean and proso millet (S-M), alternating strips with 2 rows of soybean and 2 rows of millet (SS-MM-SS) and alternating strips with 2 rows of soybean and 4 rows of millet (SS-MMMM-SS); single crop of soybean and single crop of proso millet were tested. The effect of bio-fertilizer Coveron was also followed. Aboveground biomass was harvested and land equivalent ratio (LER), as well as leaf area index (LAI) was determined. All intercropping combinations increased LAI of soybean when compared to monocrop, to 43% and 84% in SS-MM-SS combination with and without Coveron, respectively. Coveron slightly increased LAI. The highest values of biomass yield were obtained in S-M intercrop for soybean (39% and 42% higher in relation to monocrop, in combination with and without Coveron, respectively) and in monocrop for proso millet. Nevertheless, the highest LER value was obtained for SS-MM-SS combination without Coveron (1.12). In intercrops treated with Coveron slightly lower LER values were obtained for S-M and SS-MMMM-SS combination (0.97 and 0.98, respectively). Irrespective to sowing way, results indicate that 1:1 ratio of soybean and proso millet in intercrop (S-M and SS-MM-SS combinations) is the most promising way to achieve high biomass yield.

Održiva poljoprivreda obuhvata proizvodnju visoko-kvalitetne hrane i hraniva sa minimalnim uticajem na životnu sredinu. Združivanje useva je jedan od najefikasnijih načina za dobijanje biomase visoke hranljive vrednosti. Ispitivane su sledeće kombinacije združenih useva: naizmenični redovi soje i prosa (S-M), naizmenične trake 2 reda soje i 2 reda prosa (SS-MM-SS) i naizmenične trake 2 reda soje i 4 reda prosa (SS-MMMM-SS); samostalni usev soje i samostalni usev prosa. Praćen je takođe i uticaj mikrobiološkog đubriva Coveron. Nadzemna biomasa je sakupljena i odnos ekvivalenata zemljišta (LER) kao i indeks lisne površine (LAI) su određeni. Sve kombinacije združenih useva utiču na povećanje indeksa lisne površine soje u odnosu na samostalni usev, do 43% i 84% u SS-MM-SS kombinaciji sa i bez Coveron-a. Coveron neznatno utiče na povećanje LAI, u proseku. Najviši prinos biomase je postignut u S-M kombinaciji za soju (39% i 42% viša u odnosu na čisti usev, u kombinaciji sa i bez Coveron-a) i u čistom usevu za proso. Ipak, najveća vrednost LER-a je dobijena za SS-MM-SS kombinaciju bez Coveron-a (1.12). Kod združenih useva tretiranih Coveron-om, slične vrednosti LER-a su dobijene za S-M i SS-MMMM -SS kombinacije (0.97 i 0.98). Bez obzira na način setve, rezultati pokazuju da je 1:1 odnos soje i prosa u združenim usevima (S-M i SS-MM-SS kombinacije) najperspektivniji način da se postignu visoki prinosi biomase.