Genetic diversity among ZP maize hybrids (Zea mays L) From different selection cycles obtained by protein markers

Abstract

Five cycles (periods) have determined breeding of hybrid maize in Yugoslavia Each period has been characterised by the introduction of new significantly yielding hybrids. The objective of our study was to investigate the utility of protein markers in characterisation of a set of 30 maize hybrids from five different selection cycles, validate pedigrees, and show association among hybrids. Knowledge of the genetic diversity and relationships among maize hybrids is important for planning breeding strategies, hybrid identification, germplasm identification. We also investigated if there was a change in the genetic variability among cycles. This is important for evaluating and decreasing risks of future pathogen and stress induced damage which is mainly responsible for significant decrease in yield. The analysis of embryo salt soluble proteins shows that all studied genotypes have a specific protein pattern. Grouping of 30 ZP maize hybrids from different selection cycles generally agreed with the pedigrees. Our study shows that embryo salt soluble proteins can be used for characterization of hybrids. They have restricted use in estimating a genetic relationship among maize hybrids because of a small number of protein fractions observed that represent the whole genome. They can be used in combination with more informative DNA markers. According to obtained results there was no significant change in the genetic variability among selection cycles. This information is very important for sustaining genetic variability of the germplasm in the selection process.

Poznavanje genetičke varijabilnosti hibrida kukuruza koji se gaje na jednom području važno je zbog planiranja selekcionih programa, procene rizika od štetnog delovanja faktora spoljašnje sredine u uslovima genetičke uniformnosti, identifikacije hibrida, identifikacije germplazme. Genetička sličnost dva genotipa se može proceniti indirektno iz pedigre podataka ili direktno pomoću biohemijskih (izozimi, proteini) i molekularnih markera (DNK markeri). Cilj ovog rada bila je karakterizacija 30 ZP hibrida kukuruza iz pet različitih ciklusa selekcije primenom proteinskih markera i određivanje genetičke varijabilnosti unutar svakog ciklusa selekcije. Grupisanje hibrida iz različitih ciklusa selekcije pomoću proteinskih markera se generalno slaže sa pedigre informacijama. Naš rad pokazuje da se proteinski markeri mogu koristiti za karakterizaciju hibrida kukuruza. Rezultati dobijeni primenom proteinskih markera pokazuju da tokom selekcionih ciklusa nije došlo do smanjenja u genetičkoj varijabilnosti komercijalnih hibrida.