Integrated application of crop rotation and herbicides for weed control in maize

Abstract

Research on nonherbicidal weed management strategies that integrate other weed management systems with herbicide use are still actual. Crop rotation is important measure within IWMS, aimed to successful maize production and pest control. Sequences with row and grain crops, legumes and cereals allow application of herbicides with different mode of action which directly infl uences weed abundance. Sequence composition is important as much as number and type of crop because of applied measures and their carry over effects. Effects of maize monoculture and three crop rotation maize-wheat-soybean and maize-soybean-wheat, integrated with herbicide application at recommended and low rates on annual and broadleaf maize weed control, were studied. The best effects on maize weed control showed MSW rotation, especially with the application of the recommended rate of herbicides. In this production system, biomasses of the annual and perennial weeds were significantly lower after one cycle of rotation, in all herbicide treatments. Cereal crop such as wheat together with herbicides used for its production, is much better preceding crop for maize weed control than soybean.

Proučavanja nehemijskih mera za kontrolu korova, kao i njihove integrisane primene sa herbicidima u okviru integrisanog sistema mera za kontrolu korova (Integrated Weed Management System - IWMS), su i dalje veoma aktuelna. Plodored je važna mera za uspešno gajenje useva uz istovremenu kontrolu korova i drugih štetnih organizama. Smena širokoredih useva i strnina, leguminoza i žita omogućava primenu herbicida sa različitim mehanizmima delovanja čime se direktno utiče na zastupljenost korova. Osim broja i vrste useva koje ulaze u sastav plodoreda, veoma je važan i njihov redosled u rotaciji, jer će mere koje se primenjuju u prethodnom usevu imati efekat i na naredne useve. U ogledu je proučavan uticaj monokulture i dva tropoljna plodoreda kukuruz- pšenica-soja i kukuruz-soja-pšenica uz primenu herbicida, na zastupljenost jednogodišnjih i višegodišnjih korova u kukuruzu. U pogledu kontrole zakorovljenosti, najbolji efekat je ispoljio tropoljni plodored kukuruz-soja-pšenica, posebno uz primenu herbicida u preporučenoj količini. Nakon jedne rotacije useva, biomasa jednogodišnjih, a naročito višegodišnjih korova je značajno smanjena u svim varijantama primene herbicida. Pšenica je, u pogledu kontrole korova, kao gusti usev, uz herbicide koji se primenjuju tokom njenog gajenja, pogodnija kao predusev za kukuruz u odnosu na soju.