Effects of crop rotation and mineral fertilizers on leaf area and wheat grain yield

Abstract

Experiment where we examined effects of crop rotation and mineral fertilizers on leaf area and wheat grain yield was set up 1986. on experimental field of Maize Research Institute in Zemun Polje. In experiment exist two type of cropping systems: maize-wheat crop rotation and maize-soybean-wheat crop rotation. We used two type of mineral fertilizers: N:P:K 15:15:15 (which we applied before wheat sowing) and Urea 46% N (we applied in period of wheat side dressing). Fertilizers used in four different quantities. We examined leaf area of wheat flag leaf, total leaf area and wheat grain yield. In this paper we used one-year results (from 2013). Based on results of examination, crop rotation and mineral fertilizers have had strong influence on leaf area of flag leaf, total leaf area and wheat grain yield. For all examined parameters, with using of maize-soybean-wheat rotation we achieved much better results than with using of maize-wheat rotation. The highest values of leaf area (57,99 cm2/cm2 for flag leaf and 253,66 cm2/cm2 total leaf area) and grain yield (4,28 t/ha) we achieved in maize- soybean-wheat rotation with application of higher doses of fertilizers. The lowest values of leaf area (25,31cm2/cm2 for flag leaf and 123,12 cm2/cm2 total leaf area) and grain yield (1,99 t/ha) we achieved in maize-wheat rotation without application of mineral fertilizers.

Ogled u kome su ispitivani efekti primene plodoreda i mineralnih đubriva na lisnu površinu i prinos zrna pšenice zasnovan je 1986. godine na oglednom polju Instituta za kukuruz u Zemun Polju. Ispitivanja su obavljena u dvopoljnom plodoredu kukuruz-pšenica i tropoljnom plodoredu kukuruz-soja-pšenica. Korištena su mineralna đubriva N:P:K 15:15:15 (pred setvu pšenice) i UREA (za prihranu). Oba đubriva su primenjena u četiri različite količine. Ispitivana je lisna površina lista zastavičara, ukupna lisna površina i prinos zrna pšenice. U radu su prikazani rezultati iz 2013.godine. Na osnovu rezultata ispitivanja utvrđeno je da su lisna površina lista zastavičara, ukupna lisna površina i prinos zrna pšenice u visokom stepenu zavisni od primenjenog plodoreda i količine đubriva. Za sve ispitivane parameter, u tropoljnom plodoredu kukuruz-soja-pšenica dobijene su mnogo veće vrednosti nego u dvopoljnom plodoredu kukuruz kukuruz-pšenica. Najveće vrednosti lisne površine (57,99 cm2/cm2 za list zastavičar i 253,66 cm2/cm2 za ukupnu lisnu površinu), kao i prinos zrna (4,28 t/ha) dobijene su u tropoljnom plodoredu, uz primenu većih doza đubriva. Najmanje vrednosti lisne površine (25,31 cm2/cm2 za list zastavičar i 123,12 cm2/cm2 za ukupnu lisnu površinu) i prinos zrna (1,99 t/ha) dobijene su u dvopoljnom plodoredu bez primene đubriva.