An assessment of nutritional quality of hybrid maize grain based on chemical composition

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate chemical composition of grain of 20 maize hybrids, from different maturity groups, to define their nutritional quality from the point of main grain constituents: starch, total proteins, soluble proteins, oil, phytate, inorganic phosphorus, and soluble phenolics, as well as mass of 1.000 grains. A set of 20 ZP hybrids, FAO 400-800, were grown in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) at Zemun Polje (Serbia), during the summer of 2009. Average content of proteins, oil and starch of analyzed maize hybrids was 10.5%, 4.7% and 80.8%, respectively. Hybrids from FAO maturity group 600 had highest grain mass (in average 419.5 g). Genetic variability in seed phytate content was observed, with values ranging from 2.64 to 3.75, averaged 3.44 g kg-1. Inorganic phosphorus (Pi) concentrations were between 0.120 µ g g-1 (ZP 805) to 0.415 µ g g-1 (ZP 588ex), averaged 0.24 µ g g-1. Content of soluble proteins varied from 54.33 to 78.74 mg g-1. The high positive correlation was observed between total proteins and oil content in hybrids, as well as between starch and phenolics content. Phytate content was positively correlated with proteins, but this correlation was not significant, while the correlation between phytate and mass of 1,000 grains was positive and significant. A negative correlation occurred between phytate and starch.

U ovom radu je analizirana hemijska kompozicija zrna 20 hibrida kukuruza različitih FAO grupa zrenja sa ciljem da se definiše njihova nutritivna vrednost na osnovu osnovnih biohemijskih komponenti zrna: skroba, proteina, ulja, fitata neorganskog fosfora, fenola i mase 1000 zrna. Eksperiment je postavljen u u blok dizajnu (RCBD) na eksperimentalnim poljima Instituta za kukuruz u Zemun Polju tokom sezone 2009. Prosečne vrednosti proteina, ulja i skroba analiziranih hibrida kukuruza iznosile su 10.5%, 4.7% and 80.8%, respektivno. Hibridi FAO grupe zrenja 600 imali su najveću masu 1000 zrna (u proseku 419.5 g). Uočena je varijabilnost u sadržaju fitina kod analiziranih hibrida i ona je iznosila od 2.64 do 3.75, sa prosečnom vrednošću od 3.44 g kg-1. Koncentracija neorganskog fosfor (Pi) se kretala od 0.120 µg g-1 (ZP 805) do 0.415 µ g g-1 (ZP 588ex), sa prosekom od 0.24 µ g g-1. Sadržaj solubilnih proteina je varirao od 54.33 do 78.74 mg g-1. Visoko pozitivna korelacija uočena je između sadržaja protein i ulja u zrnu, kao i između skroba i fenola. Fitat je bio u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa proteinima, ali ova korelacija nije bila statistički značajna, dok je korelacija između fitata i mase 1000 zrna pozitivna i signifikantna. Negativna korelacija je uočena između fitata i skroba.