Dependence on maize ear weight on soil moisture regime

Abstract

Studies under different conditions of the soil moisture regime were carried out to determine the dependence of the ear weight and the grain weight per ear on the amount of water that gets on the chernozem surface during the growing season of maize. The trial was set up according to the block design in four variants: rainfed variant and three variants of the maintenance of soil moisture at the level of 80-85%, 70-75% and 60-65% of the field water capacity (FWC). Results show that the soil moisture regime very significantly affected the maize ear formation. The highest average values of the ear weight (389.2 g) and the grain weight per ear (320.3 g) were recorded in the variant 80-85% FWC. In relation to this value, values of the remaining variants were very significantly lower. A functional parabolic dependence of ear and grain weights on the water amount was established. With the total amount of water that got to the soil surface (x-510 mm) it can be expected that the ear of 370 g in weight will be formed (y= -0.002x2+1.999x-139.7) and that the maximum grain weight per ear will be 303 g (y1= -0.0016x2+1.6241x-110.12). Higher or lower amounts of water will affect the average decrease in the grain weight.

Proučavanja u uslovima različitog vodnog režima zemljišta izvedena su u cilju utvrđivanja zavisnosti mase klipa i zrna po klipu kukuruza od količine vode, koja dospeva na površinu černozema tokom vegetacionog perioda kukuruza. Ogled je bio postavljen po metodi blok sistema u prirodnom vodnom režimu i u varijantama održavanja vlažnosti zemljišta na nivou 80-85%, 70-75% i 60-65% od poljskog vodnog kapaciteta (PVK). Rezultati pokazuju da je vodni režim zemljišta veoma značajno uticao na formiranje klipova kukuruza. Najveće prosečne vrednosti mase klipova (389,2 g) i zrna po klipu (320,3 g) dobijene su u varijanti sa predzalivnom vlažnošću 80-85% PVK. U odnosu na nju, vrednosti svih drugih varijanata bile su veoma značajno niže. Za masu klipa i zrna, u odnosu na količinu vode utvrđena je funkcionalna zavisnost paraboličnog oblika. Pri ukupno prispeloj količini vode na površinu zemljišta od 510 mm (x) može se očekivati da se formira klip mase 370 g (y = -0.002x2 + 1.999x - 139.7) sa zrnom maksimalne mase, 303 g (y1= -0.0016x2 + 1.6241x - 110.12) i da će veće ili manje količine vode uticati na prosečno smanjenje mase zrna.