Soybean seed vigour under different testing methods

Abstract

Seed vigour of four soybean genotypes was studied by a standard and the Cold test method on three soil types. A low temperature and worse substrates caused the reduction of germination, length of the hypocotyls, seedling primary roots and the emergence rate. Seed germination on sand under Cold test conditions was lower by 7-22% in addition to optimum conditions, depending on a genotype. Germination values were lower when the soil was used as a substrate (alongside of sand). The emergence rate was more affected by a substrate (sand and soil) than by temperatures. The initial growth intensity (determined over lengths of roots and hypocotyls) was significantly decreased under unfavourable temperature and the soil conditions. The chernozem was the most favourable, while the pseudogley was the most unfavourable type of soil. Seed vigour testing under optimum conditions provides the information on maximum possible germination and initial growth. Because of that, it is necessary to apply testing methods like field conditions, to get more reliable prognosis about the initial plants growth and development.

Ispitivana je životna sposobnost semena četiri genotipa soje, standardnom i Cold test metodom na tri tipa zemljišta. Niska temperatura i nepovoljniji substrat su uticali na smanjenje nicanja, dužine hipokotila i primarnog korena i brzinu nicanja. U zavisnosti od genotipa, nicanje u pesku u uslovima Cold testa bilo je niže za 7-22% u odnosu na optimalne uslove. Nicanje je bilo slabije kada je kao substrat korišćeno zemljište (u odnosu na pesak). Na brzinu nicanja je više uticao substrat nego temperatura. Intenzitet početnog rasta (određen preko dužine korena i hiopkotila) se značajno smanjio u nepovoljnim uslovima temperature i zemljišta. Černozem je bio najpovoljniji a pseudoglej najnepovoljniji tip zemljišta. Testiranje životne sposobnosti semena u optimalnim uslovima daje informacije o maksimalno mogućoj klijavosti i početnog rasta. Zbog toga je neophodno primeniti metode testiranja približne poljskim uslovim, da bi prognoza o početnom rastu i razviću biljaka bila pouzdanija.