Variability of pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. originating from maize and wheat grains

Abstract

Differences in the pathogenicity of 93 isolates of seven species belonging to the genus Fusarium (F. graminearum, F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans, F. sporotrichioides, F. semitectum and F. equiseti), originating from maize kernels (61) and wheat grains (32), were examined based on the germination percentage of inoculated seeds. The studied species demonstrated inter- and intraspecies variability regarding the effects on maize seed germination. On the average, the greatest germination reduction was found in seeds inoculated with the spore suspensions of F. sporotrichioides and F. graminearum. A similar reduction was detected in seeds inoculated with F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans. The effect of F. subglutinans on seed germination reduction was higher compared to the two latter species, while the effects of F. semitectum and F. equiseti were smallest. The majority of isolates were of moderate pathogenicity, while the lowest number of isolates was either very pathogenic (7) or apathogenic (10). Pathogenicity of the isolates originating from wheat grains was generally lower than the pathogenicity of isolates originating from maize kernels, with the exception of F. sporotrichioides.

Razlike u patogenost 93 izolata sedam vrsta roda Fusarium (F. graminearum, F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans, F. sporotrichioides, F. semitectum i F. equiseti), poreklom iz zrna kukuruza (61) i pšenice (32), proučavane su na osnovu procenta klijavosti inokulisanog semena. Ispitivane vrste ispoljile su inter- i intraspecijsku varijabilnost u pogledu uticaja na klijavost semena kukuruza. U proseku, najveće smanjenje klijavosti je utvrđeno kod inokulacije semena suspenzijom spora F. sporotrichioides i F. graminearum, a zatim, približno isto, kod inokulacija semena pomoću F. proliferatum i F. subglutinans. F. verticillioides je, u poređenju sa ove dve poslednje vrste, značajnije uticala na smanjenje klijavosti semena, dok su najmanje uticale vrste F. semitectum i F. equiseti. Većina izolata je bila srednje patogenosti, a najmanji broj je bio jako patogen (7) ili apatogen (10). Izolati poreklom iz zrna pšenice bili su slabije patogenosti od izolata poreklom iz zrna kukuruza, sa izuzetkom F. sporotrichioides.