Genetic characterization of genotypes of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) populations using protein markers

Abstract

The occurrence of Austrian pine over large areas attacked by erosion processes or on completely degraded and denuded areas on which it produces excellent results, classifies it among the most important economic species in forestry. The aim of present research is to study intra- and inter-population genetic variation in Austrian pine by the application of biochemical markers. A better knowledge of the genetic potential of Austrian pine populations will enhance the production of seed and planting material, and in this way also the success of a forestation and the establishment of Austrian pine specific-purpose plantations. The polymorphism of protein markers was determined based on the selected genotypes originating from six populations (seed stands), which actually included all Austrian pine populations in Serbia. Based on the derived electrophoregram, qualitative and quantitative differences (number and pattern) in protein fractions were identified and the seed protein profile was constructed for each tree, as well as for each of the six study populations. This showed the 'conservativeness' of some polypeptides, i.e. the presence in all analyzed genotypes. On the other hand, some protein fractions were variable at the population level, and some were variable depending on the population. Based on the electrophoregram, the coefficient of genetic similarity/distance was calculated by comparing the band numbers and patterns. Cluster analysis dendrograms were also constructed. The degree of genetic variation among the provenances was higher than the variation within the provenances. There was also a high genetic variation in seed proteins within the analyzed populations.

Javljanje crnog bora na velikim površinama zahvaćenim erozionim procesima, ili potpuno degradiranim, ogoljenim površinama na kojima daje odlične rezultate, svrstavaju ga u najvažnije ekonomske vrste korišćene u šumarstvu. Cilj ovih istraživanja je bilo ispitivanje unutar i među populacijske genetičke varijabilnost crnog bora primenom biohemijskih markera. Bolje upoznavanje genetskog potencijala populacija crnog bora omogućiće poboljšanje proizvodnje semena i sadnog materijala, a time i uspeh prilikom pošumljavanja i podizanja namenskih kultura ovom vrstom. Polimorfizam proteinskih markera utvrđen je na osnovu odabranih genotipova poreklom iz šest populacija (semenskih sastojina) čime su obuhvaćene sve populacije crnog bora u Srbiji. Na osnovu dobijenih elektroforegrama utvrđene su kvalitativne i kvantitativne razlike (broj i raspored) proteinskih frakcija i određen je proteinski profil semena za svako stablo kao i za svaku od 6 ispitivanih populacija ponaosob. Tom prilikom je zapažena 'konzervativnost' pojedinih polipeptida, tj. prisustvo u svim analiziranim genotipovima. S druge strane utvrđene su proteinske frakcije koje su varijabilne na nivou populacija, kao i one čija varijabilnost varira u zavisnosti od populacija. Na osnovu dobijenih elektroforegrama je izračunat koeficijent genetičke sličnosti, odnosno udaljenosti, upoređivanjem broja i rasporeda traka i urađeni su dendogrami klaster analize. Utvrđen je veći stepen genetskog variranja između provenijencija nego unutar njih. Takođe je utvrđena velika genetska varijabilnost proteina semena unutar analiziranih populacija.