The importance of the verifying and corrections in the process of phenotypic characterization of maize genotypes by the principles of the UPOV descriptor

Abstract

The protection of breeders rights provides the chance to establish the exclusive right which will enhance the chances for protection of intellectual property and therefore provide the greater accumulation of the necessary founds for the further investments in the area of plant breeding. Concerning this UPOV has established detail guidelines for conduction of DUS tests for more then 170 plant species. Considering that the living systems are in the constant interaction with the environment, and most of the traits are polygenic, mistakes are always possible, regardless of the very precisely established procedures for description of traits in the Guidelines. On the other hand the subjectivity of the human factor is always present. Errors could be the result of the mistakes in writing during the estimation in the field or while transferring the data into the computer. Also errors could occur as the replacement of the estimates between two neighboring plots. Specificity of genotype and missing estimate could also enter confusion in the evaluation of traits. Application of some cultural practices, especially herbicides applied after seedling emergences, could lead to the false estimate. Assuring the timely detection of the false estimate and its verifying and correction, during the experiment, is of a great importance, so that errors could be avoided in characterization of genotype and in the estimate of its distinctness, uniformity and stability.

Zaštita prava oplemenjivača daje mogućnost da se obezbedi jedno pouzdano ekskluzivno pravo koje će poboljšati šanse da se u ovoj oblasti omogući zaštita intelektualne svojine i samim tim da se poveća šansa za akumulaciju potrebnih sredstava za dalje investicije u ovoj oblasti. U svrhu ove zaštite UPOV ustanovljava detaljna uputstva za sprovođenje DUS testova za više od 170 biljnih vrsta. Najveći broj svojstava neke individue je kontrolisan većim brojem gena i u stalnoj su interakciji sa spoljašnjom sredinom. Sa druge strane uvek je prisutan subjektivni ljudski faktor. Iako su precizno ustanovljeni stadijumi ekspresije svojstava u Vodičima za testiranje, kao i što su i jasno definisani eksperimentalni i statistički dizajni greške su uvek moguće. Veoma je važno u toku samog eksperimenta obezbediti pravovremeno otkrivanje pogrešne ocene i njenu proveru i korekciju kako bi se izbegle greške u karakterizaciji genotipa i oceni njegove različitosti, uniformnosti i stabilnosti.