The analysis of maize weed community in Zemun Polje

Abstract

The analysis of weed species in maize weed community, under conditions with and without herbicide application, in the location of Zemun Polje was performed during the maize vegetation season in 1996 and 1997. The floristic composition and structure of the weed community were estimated by the number of weed species and the number of their plants per area unit. According to the distribution of weed species and related number of their individuals, changes caused by the herbicide application were discussed. The biological spectrum of the weed community in each variant and a relative distribution of certain weed categories were analyzed. A significant increase of perennial weed species (42.13% on the average over two years) was observed in the variant with the herbicide application. Moreover, the number of weed species and the number of plants, determined in the variant of the herbicide application, were significantly lower than in the variant without the herbicide application. The obtained results indicate that the weed community in Zemun Polje has become of terophytic and geophytic characteristics with the prevalence of annual broad-leaved species and the increased distribution of grass and perennial, ruderal and resistant species.

Proučavana je zastupljenost vrsta korova u korovskoj zajednici kukuruza, u uslovima sa i bez primene herbicida, na lokaciji Zemun Polja. Tokom vegetacionog perioda kukuruza u 1996. i 1997. godini, sniman je floristički sastav i građa korovske zajednice utvrđivanjem broja vrsta i njihovih jedinki po jedinici površine. Na osnovu zastupljenosti vrsta korova i broja njihovih jedinki analizirane su promene nastale usled primene herbicida. Urađen je biološki spektar korovske zajednice na svakoj varijanti i analizirana relativna zastupljenost pojedinih grupa korova. Na varijanti sa primenom herbicida, uočeno je značajno povećanje učešća višegodišnjih vrsta korova (za 42,13% prosečno za dve godine). Na varijanti tretiranoj herbicidom je takođe utvrđeno značajno manje vrsta korova i njihovih jedinki u odnosu na varijantu bez primene herbicida. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da korovska zajednica kukuruza Zemun Polja dobija terofitsko-geofitski karakter sa dominacijom jednogodišnjih širokolisnih i povećanim učešćem travnih i višegodišnjih, ruderalnih i rezistentnih vrsta.